Long-COVID olfactory dysfunction: allele E4 of apolipoprotein E as a possible protective factor.

Autor:	Oliveira DN; Universidade Federal do Ceará, Faculdade de Medicina, Fortaleza CE, Brazil., Tavares-Júnior JWL; Universidade Federal do Ceará, Faculdade de Medicina, Fortaleza CE, Brazil., Feitosa WLQ; Universidade Federal do Ceará, Faculdade de Medicina, Fortaleza CE, Brazil., Cunha LCV; Universidade Federal do Ceará, Faculdade de Medicina, Fortaleza CE, Brazil., Gomes CMP; Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Fortaleza CE, Brazil., Moreira-Nunes CA; Universidade Federal do Ceará, Núcleo de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento de Medicamentos, Fortaleza CE, Brazil., Silva JBSD; Universidade Federal do Ceará, Núcleo de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento de Medicamentos, Fortaleza CE, Brazil., Sousa AVM; Universidade Federal do Ceará, Faculdade de Medicina, Fortaleza CE, Brazil., Gaspar SB; Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Fortaleza CE, Brazil., Sobreira EST; Universidade Federal do Ceará, Faculdade de Medicina, Fortaleza CE, Brazil., Oliveira LLB; Universidade Federal do Ceará, Núcleo de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento de Medicamentos, Fortaleza CE, Brazil., Montenegro RC; Universidade Federal do Ceará, Núcleo de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento de Medicamentos, Fortaleza CE, Brazil., Moraes MEA; Universidade Federal do Ceará, Núcleo de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento de Medicamentos, Fortaleza CE, Brazil., Sobreira-Neto MA; Universidade Federal do Ceará, Faculdade de Medicina, Fortaleza CE, Brazil., Braga-Neto P; Universidade Federal do Ceará, Faculdade de Medicina, Fortaleza CE, Brazil.; Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Fortaleza CE, Brazil.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	Arquivos de neuro-psiquiatria [Arq Neuropsiquiatr] 2024 Sep; Vol. 82 (9), pp. 1-7. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Jul 18.
DOI:	10.1055/s-0044-1788272
Abstrakt:	Background:  Olfactory dysfunction (OD) represents a frequent manifestation of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Apolipoprotein E (APOE) is a protein that interacts with the angiotensin-converting enzyme receptor, essential for viral entry into the cell. Previous publications have suggested a possible role of APOE in COVID-19 severity. As far as we know, no publications found significant associations between this disease's severity, OD, and APOE polymorphisms (E2, E3, and E4). Objective:  To analyze the epidemiology of OD and its relationship with APOE polymorphisms in a cohort of Long-COVID patients. Methods:  We conducted a prospective cohort study with patients followed in a post-COVID neurological outpatient clinic, with OD being defined as a subjective reduction of olfactory function after infection, and persistent OD being defined when the complaint lasted more than 3 months after the COVID-19 infection resolution. This cross-sectional study is part of a large research with previously reported data focusing on the cognitive performance of our sample. Results:  The final sample comprised 221 patients, among whom 186 collected blood samples for APOE genotyping. The persistent OD group was younger and had a lower hospitalization rate during the acute phase of the disease ( p  < 0.001). Furthermore, the APOE variant E4 allele frequency was lower in this group ( p  = 0.035). This study evaluated OD in an outpatient population with COVID-19. In the current literature on this disease, anosmia is associated with better clinical outcomes and the E4 allele is associated with worse outcomes. Conclusion:  Our study provides new information to these correlations, suggesting APOE E4 as a protective factor for OD. Competing Interests: The authors have no conflict of interest to declare. (The Author(s). This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, permitting copying and reproduction so long as the original work is given appropriate credit (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).)
Databáze:	MEDLINE
Externí odkaz:	Zobrazit plný text záznamu