| Autor: |
Lee CS; Research Center for Environmental Changes, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan., Shipley ON; School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States., Ye X; New York State Center for Clean Water Technology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States., Fisher NS; School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States., Gallagher AJ; Beneath the Waves, Boston, Massachusetts 02129, United States., Frisk MG; School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States., Talwar BS; Cape Eleuthera Institute, Rock Sound, Eleuthera 26029, The Bahamas., Schneider EVC; Cape Eleuthera Institute, Rock Sound, Eleuthera 26029, The Bahamas., Venkatesan AK; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States. |
| Abstrakt: |
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) enter the marine food web, accumulate in organisms, and potentially have adverse effects on predators and consumers of seafood. However, evaluations of PFAS in meso-to-apex predators, like sharks, are scarce. This study investigated PFAS occurrence in five shark species from two marine ecosystems with contrasting relative human population densities, the New York Bight (NYB) and the coastal waters of The Bahamas archipelago. The total detected PFAS (∑PFAS) concentrations in muscle tissue ranged from 1.10 to 58.5 ng g -1 wet weight, and perfluorocarboxylic acids (PFCAs) were dominant. Fewer PFAS were detected in Caribbean reef sharks ( Carcharhinus perezi ) from The Bahamas, and concentrations of those detected were, on average, ∼79% lower than in the NYB sharks. In the NYB, ∑PFAS concentrations followed: common thresher ( Alopias vulpinus ) > shortfin mako ( Isurus oxyrinchus ) > sandbar ( Carcharhinus plumbeus ) > smooth dogfish ( Mustelus canis ). PFAS precursors/intermediates, such as 2 H ,2 H ,3 H ,3 H -perfluorodecanoic acid and perfluorooctanesulfonamide, were only detected in the NYB sharks, suggesting higher ambient concentrations and diversity of PFAS sources in this region. Ultralong-chain PFAS (C ≥ 10) were positively correlated with nitrogen isotope values (δ 15 N) and total mercury in some species. Our results provide some of the first baseline information on PFAS concentrations in shark species from the northwest Atlantic Ocean, and correlations between PFAS, stable isotopes, and mercury further contextualize the drivers of PFAS occurrence. |
