Siderite and vivianite as energy sources for the extreme acidophilic bacterium Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans in the context of mars habitability.

Autor: Silva GG; Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Química, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil., Vincenzi RA; Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Bioquímica E Biologia Molecular, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil., de Araujo GG; Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil., Venceslau SJS; Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil., Rodrigues F; Departamento de Química Fundamental, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. farod@iq.usp.br.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Scientific reports [Sci Rep] 2024 Jun 27; Vol. 14 (1), pp. 14885. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Jun 27.
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-64246-7
Abstrakt: Past and present habitability of Mars have been intensely studied in the context of the search for signals of life. Despite the harsh conditions observed today on the planet, some ancient Mars environments could have harbored specific characteristics able to mitigate several challenges for the development of microbial life. In such environments, Fe 2+ minerals like siderite (already identified on Mars), and vivianite (proposed, but not confirmed) could sustain a chemolithoautotrophic community. In this study, we investigate the ability of the acidophilic iron-oxidizing chemolithoautotrophic bacterium Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans to use these minerals as its sole energy source. A. ferrooxidans was grown in media containing siderite or vivianite under different conditions and compared to abiotic controls. Our experiments demonstrated that this microorganism was able to grow, obtaining its energy from the oxidation of Fe 2+ that came from the solubilization of these minerals under low pH. Additionally, in sealed flasks without CO 2 , A. ferrooxidans was able to fix carbon directly from the carbonate ion released from siderite for biomass production, indicating that it could be able to colonize subsurface environments with little or no contact with an atmosphere. These previously unexplored abilities broaden our knowledge on the variety of minerals able to sustain life. In the context of astrobiology, this expands the list of geomicrobiological processes that should be taken into account when considering the habitability of environments beyond Earth, and opens for investigation the possible biological traces left on these substrates as biosignatures.
(© 2024. The Author(s).)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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