Wildfire smoke impacts lake ecosystems.

Autor: Farruggia MJ; Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA., Brahney J; Department of Watershed Sciences and Ecology Center, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, USA., Tanentzap AJ; Ecosystems and Global Change Group, School of the Environment, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario, Canada.; Ecosystems and Global Change Group, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK., Brentrup JA; Minnesota Pollution Control Agency, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA., Brighenti LS; Universidade Do Estado de Minas Gerais (UEMG), Unidade Divinópolis, Divinópolis, Minas Gerais, Brazil., Chandra S; Department of Biology and Global Water Center, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada, USA., Cortés A; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA., Fernandez RL; National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina., Fischer JM; Department of Biology, Franklin and Marshall College, Lancaster, Pennsylvania, USA., Forrest AL; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering/Tahoe Environmental Research Center, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA., Jin Y; Department of Land, Air and Water Resources, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA., Larrieu K; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering/Tahoe Environmental Research Center, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA., McCullough IM; Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA., Oleksy IA; Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA., Pilla RM; Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA., Rusak JA; Department of Biology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada., Scordo F; Instituto Argentino de Oceanografía, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS)-CONICET, Bahía Blanca, Buenos Aires, Argentina.; Departamento de Geografía y Turismo, Universidad Nacional del Sur, Bahía Blanca, Buenos Aires, Argentina., Smits AP; Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA., Symons CC; Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA., Tang M; School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA., Woodman SG; Ecosystems and Global Change Group, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK., Sadro S; Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Global change biology [Glob Chang Biol] 2024 Jun; Vol. 30 (6), pp. e17367.
DOI: 10.1111/gcb.17367
Abstrakt: Wildfire activity is increasing globally. The resulting smoke plumes can travel hundreds to thousands of kilometers, reflecting or scattering sunlight and depositing particles within ecosystems. Several key physical, chemical, and biological processes in lakes are controlled by factors affected by smoke. The spatial and temporal scales of lake exposure to smoke are extensive and under-recognized. We introduce the concept of the lake smoke-day, or the number of days any given lake is exposed to smoke in any given fire season, and quantify the total lake smoke-day exposure in North America from 2019 to 2021. Because smoke can be transported at continental to intercontinental scales, even regions that may not typically experience direct burning of landscapes by wildfire are at risk of smoke exposure. We found that 99.3% of North America was covered by smoke, affecting a total of 1,333,687 lakes ≥10 ha. An incredible 98.9% of lakes experienced at least 10 smoke-days a year, with 89.6% of lakes receiving over 30 lake smoke-days, and lakes in some regions experiencing up to 4 months of cumulative smoke-days. Herein we review the mechanisms through which smoke and ash can affect lakes by altering the amount and spectral composition of incoming solar radiation and depositing carbon, nutrients, or toxic compounds that could alter chemical conditions and impact biota. We develop a conceptual framework that synthesizes known and theoretical impacts of smoke on lakes to guide future research. Finally, we identify emerging research priorities that can help us better understand how lakes will be affected by smoke as wildfire activity increases due to climate change and other anthropogenic activities.
(© 2024 Oak Ridge National Laboratory and The Author(s). Global Change Biology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)
Databáze: MEDLINE
Externí odkaz: