Nitrosamines crisis in pharmaceuticals - Insights on toxicological implications, root causes and risk assessment: A systematic review.

Autor:	Vikram HPR; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy Mysuru, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research (JSSAHER), Mysuru, 570015, India.; Xenone Healthcare Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, 110076, India., Kumar TP; Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy Mysuru, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research (JSSAHER), Mysuru, 570015, India., Kumar G; Xenone Healthcare Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, 110076, India., Beeraka NM; Department of Human Anatomy, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation.; Department of Pharmacology, Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (RIPER), Ananthapuramu, 515721, India.; Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA., Deka R; Animal Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Gauhati University, Guwahati, 781014, India., Suhail SM; Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy Mysuru, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research (JSSAHER), Mysuru, 570015, India., Jat S; Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Guwahati, Changsari, 781101, India., Bannimath N; Department of Pharmacology, University of Galway, Galway, H91 TK33, Ireland., Padmanabhan G; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy Mysuru, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research (JSSAHER), Mysuru, 570015, India., Chandan RS; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy Mysuru, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research (JSSAHER), Mysuru, 570015, India., Kumar P; Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Guwahati, Changsari, 781101, India., Gurupadayya B; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy Mysuru, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research (JSSAHER), Mysuru, 570015, India.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	Journal of pharmaceutical analysis [J Pharm Anal] 2024 May; Vol. 14 (5), pp. 100919. Date of Electronic Publication: 2023 Dec 12.
DOI:	10.1016/j.jpha.2023.12.009
Abstrakt:	The presence of N -nitroso compounds, particularly N -nitrosamines, in pharmaceutical products has raised global safety concerns due to their significant genotoxic and mutagenic effects. This systematic review investigates their toxicity in active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs), drug products, and pharmaceutical excipients, along with novel analytical strategies for detection, root cause analysis, reformulation strategies, and regulatory guidelines for nitrosamines. This review emphasizes the molecular toxicity of N -nitroso compounds, focusing on genotoxic, mutagenic, carcinogenic, and other physiological effects. Additionally, it addresses the ongoing nitrosamine crisis, the development of nitrosamine-free products, and the importance of sensitive detection methods and precise risk evaluation. This comprehensive overview will aid molecular biologists, analytical scientists, formulation scientists in research and development sector, and researchers involved in management of nitrosamine-induced toxicity and promoting safer pharmaceutical products. Competing Interests: The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest. (© 2023 The Author(s).)
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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