Salt and sugar intakes of adults in the central division of Fiji: findings from a nutrition survey in 2022.

Autor:	Moala Silatolu A; Pacific Research Centre for the Prevention of Obesity and Non-communicable Diseases, College of Medicine Nursing and Heath Sciences, Fiji National University, Suva, Fiji., Santos JA; The George Institute for Global Health, UNSW, Sydney, Australia., Palu A; The George Institute for Global Health, UNSW, Sydney, Australia., Nand D; The Wellness Team, Ministry of Health, Suva, Fiji., Deo A; The Wellness Team, Ministry of Health, Suva, Fiji., Kama A; The Wellness Team, Ministry of Health, Suva, Fiji., Lolohea S; Pacific Research Centre for the Prevention of Obesity and Non-communicable Diseases, College of Medicine Nursing and Heath Sciences, Fiji National University, Suva, Fiji., Vakaloloma U; Pacific Research Centre for the Prevention of Obesity and Non-communicable Diseases, College of Medicine Nursing and Heath Sciences, Fiji National University, Suva, Fiji., Seru L; Pacific Research Centre for the Prevention of Obesity and Non-communicable Diseases, College of Medicine Nursing and Heath Sciences, Fiji National University, Suva, Fiji., Naivunivuni P; Pacific Research Centre for the Prevention of Obesity and Non-communicable Diseases, College of Medicine Nursing and Heath Sciences, Fiji National University, Suva, Fiji., Kumar S; Pacific Research Centre for the Prevention of Obesity and Non-communicable Diseases, College of Medicine Nursing and Heath Sciences, Fiji National University, Suva, Fiji., Tawakilai H; Pacific Research Centre for the Prevention of Obesity and Non-communicable Diseases, College of Medicine Nursing and Heath Sciences, Fiji National University, Suva, Fiji., Vimatemate E; Pacific Research Centre for the Prevention of Obesity and Non-communicable Diseases, College of Medicine Nursing and Heath Sciences, Fiji National University, Suva, Fiji., Sanif M; Pacific Research Centre for the Prevention of Obesity and Non-communicable Diseases, College of Medicine Nursing and Heath Sciences, Fiji National University, Suva, Fiji., Misavu A; Pacific Research Centre for the Prevention of Obesity and Non-communicable Diseases, College of Medicine Nursing and Heath Sciences, Fiji National University, Suva, Fiji., Prasad AU; The Wellness Team, Ministry of Health, Suva, Fiji., Patay D; The George Institute for Global Health, UNSW, Sydney, Australia., Woodward M; The George Institute for Global Health, UNSW, Sydney, Australia.; The George Institute for Global Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK., Rogers K; The George Institute for Global Health, UNSW, Sydney, Australia.; Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia., Reeve E; Institute for Health Transformation, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia., Bell C; Institute for Health Transformation, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia., Webster J; The George Institute for Global Health, UNSW, Sydney, Australia., Waqa G; Pacific Research Centre for the Prevention of Obesity and Non-communicable Diseases, College of Medicine Nursing and Heath Sciences, Fiji National University, Suva, Fiji., McKenzie BL; The George Institute for Global Health, UNSW, Sydney, Australia.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	The Lancet regional health. Western Pacific [Lancet Reg Health West Pac] 2024 May 03; Vol. 46, pp. 101074. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 May 03 (Print Publication: 2024).
DOI:	10.1016/j.lanwpc.2024.101074
Abstrakt:	Background: Excess salt and sugar consumption contribute to diseases, such as diabetes and hypertension. This study aimed to estimate salt and sugar intakes and main sources, in a population of adults in the Central Division of Fiji. Methods: One adult per household was randomly selected to participate (n = 700). Sociodemographic characteristics; blood pressure, weight, and height; a 24-h diet recall; and spot-urine samples were collected, with 24-h urine samples from a sub-sample (n = 200). Sugar intake was estimated from the 24-h diet recalls and salt intake from the spot-urines. 24-hr diet recall was used to identify main sources of salt and sugar by food groups. Findings: 534 adults (response rate 76%, 50% women, mean age 42 years) participated. Salt intake was 8.8 g/day (95% CI, 8.7-9.0), and free sugar intake was 74.1 g/day (67.5-80.7), 16.1% of total energy intake (15.0-17.1%). Main sources of salt were mixed cooked dishes (40.9% (38.2-43.5)), and bread and bakery products (28.7% (26.5-31.0)). Main sources of sugar were table sugars, honey, and related products (24.3% (21.7-26.8)), non-alcoholic beverages (21.4% (18.8-24.0)) and bread and bakery products (18.0% (16.2-19.9)). Interpretation: Salt and sugar intakes exceeded World Health Organization recommendations in this sample of adults. Given dietary sources were foods high in salt and sugar, along with the addition to food or drinks, interventions focused on behavior along with environmental strategies to encourage healthier choices are needed. Funding: NHMRC and GACD grant APP1169322. Competing Interests: This research was funded by the National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) as part of the Global Alliance for Chronic Diseases program on Scaling up Policy to reduce hypertension and diabetes (APP1169322). JW is supported by a National Heart Foundation Postdoctoral Research Fellowship Level II (APP102039). BLM is supported by a National Heart Foundation Postdoctoral Research Fellowship (APP106651). CB, JW and MW have been previous grant recipients from NHMRC and CB has been a grant recipient from VicHealth (all separate to this work). CB has received past payment from NHMRC for being on their grant review panel. CB is the contact for the World Health Organization Collaborating Centre For Obesity Prevention. JW is the director of the World Health Organization Collaborating Centre on Population Salt Reduction. CB is on the Executive Committee for Active Geelong, is Chair on the Foundation 61 Board and is a member of the Clinical Advisory Committee for GMHBA. MW has been a consultant for Amgen and Freeline outside the submitted work. No other authors declare a conflict of interest in regards to this work. (© 2024 The Author(s).)
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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