Periodontitis: A Plausible Modifiable Risk Factor for Neurodegenerative Diseases? A Comprehensive Review.

Autor: Plachokova AS; Department of Dentistry, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 EX Nijmegen, The Netherlands., Gjaltema J; Department of Dentistry, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 EX Nijmegen, The Netherlands., Hagens ERC; Department of Dentistry, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 EX Nijmegen, The Netherlands., Hashemi Z; Department of Dentistry, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 EX Nijmegen, The Netherlands., Knüppe TBA; Department of Dentistry, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 EX Nijmegen, The Netherlands., Kootstra TJM; Department of Dentistry, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 EX Nijmegen, The Netherlands., Visser A; Department of Dentistry, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 EX Nijmegen, The Netherlands.; Department of Gerodontology, Center for Dentistry and Oral Hygiene, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands., Bloem BR; Radboud University Medical Centre, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Department of Neurology, Centre of Expertise for Parkinson and Movement Disorders, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: International journal of molecular sciences [Int J Mol Sci] 2024 Apr 19; Vol. 25 (8). Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Apr 19.
DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084504
Abstrakt: The aim of this comprehensive review is to summarize recent literature on associations between periodontitis and neurodegenerative diseases, explore the bidirectionality and provide insights into the plausible pathogenesis. For this purpose, systematic reviews and meta-analyses from PubMed, Medline and EMBASE were considered. Out of 33 retrieved papers, 6 articles complying with the inclusion criteria were selected and discussed. Additional relevant papers for bidirectionality and pathogenesis were included. Results show an association between periodontitis and Alzheimer's disease, with odds ratios of 3 to 5. A bidirectional relationship is suspected. For Parkinson's disease (PD), current evidence for an association appears to be weak, although poor oral health and PD seem to be correlated. A huge knowledge gap was identified. The plausible mechanistic link for the association between periodontitis and neurodegenerative diseases is the interplay between periodontal inflammation and neuroinflammation. Three pathways are hypothesized in the literature, i.e., humoral, neuronal and cellular, with a clear role of periodontal pathogens, such as Porphyromonas gingivalis . Age, gender, race, smoking, alcohol intake, nutrition, physical activity, socioeconomic status, stress, medical comorbidities and genetics were identified as common risk factors for periodontitis and neurodegenerative diseases. Future research with main emphasis on the collaboration between neurologists and dentists is encouraged.
Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflicts of interest.
Databáze: MEDLINE
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