Plasma galectin-9 relates to cognitive performance and inflammation among adolescents with vertically acquired HIV.

Autor:	Moar P; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, USA., Linn K; Department of Pediatrics, Yangon Children's Hospital, University of Medicine 1, Yangon, Myanmar., Premeaux TA; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, USA., Bowler S; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, USA., Sardarni UK; Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, USA., Gopalan BP; Division of infectious diseases, St. John's Research Institute, Bengaluru, India.; Sickle Thrombosis and Vascular Biology Lab, Sickle Cell Branch, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, USA., Shwe EE; Department of Pathology, Yangon Children's Hospital, University of Medicine 1, Yangon, Myanmar., San T; Department of Pathology, Yangon Children's Hospital, University of Medicine 1, Yangon, Myanmar., Han H; Department of Pediatrics, Yangon Children's Hospital, University of Medicine 1, Yangon, Myanmar., Clements D; Department of Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology & Pharmacology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu., Hlaing CS; Department of Pediatrics, Yangon Children's Hospital, University of Medicine 1, Yangon, Myanmar., Kyu EH; Department of Pediatrics, Yangon Children's Hospital, University of Medicine 1, Yangon, Myanmar., Thair C; Department of Pediatrics, Yangon Children's Hospital, University of Medicine 1, Yangon, Myanmar., Mar YY; Department of Pediatrics, Yangon Children's Hospital, University of Medicine 1, Yangon, Myanmar., Nway N; Department of Pediatrics, Yangon Children's Hospital, University of Medicine 1, Yangon, Myanmar., Mannarino J; Missouri Institute of Mental Health, University of Missouri-St. Louis, Missouri., Bolzenius J; Missouri Institute of Mental Health, University of Missouri-St. Louis, Missouri., Mar S; Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA., Aye AMM; Department of Pediatrics, Yangon Children's Hospital, University of Medicine 1, Yangon, Myanmar., Tandon R; Laboratory of AIDS Research and Immunology, School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India., Paul R; Missouri Institute of Mental Health, University of Missouri-St. Louis, Missouri., Ndhlovu LC; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, USA.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	AIDS (London, England) [AIDS] 2024 Aug 01; Vol. 38 (10), pp. 1460-1467. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Apr 26.
DOI:	10.1097/QAD.0000000000003907
Abstrakt:	Objective: Adolescents with perinatally acquired HIV (AWH) are at an increased risk of poor cognitive development yet the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Circulating galectin-9 (Gal-9) has been associated with increased inflammation and multimorbidity in adults with HIV despite antiretroviral therapy (ART); however, the relationship between Gal-9 in AWH and cognition remain unexplored. Design: A cross-sectional study of two independent age-matched cohorts from India [AWH on ART ( n  = 15), ART-naive ( n  = 15), and adolescents without HIV (AWOH; n  = 10)] and Myanmar [AWH on ART ( n  = 54) and AWOH ( n  = 22)] were studied. Adolescents from Myanmar underwent standardized cognitive tests. Methods: Plasma Gal-9 and soluble mediators were measured by immunoassays and cellular immune markers by flow cytometry. We used Mann-Whitney U tests to determine group-wise differences, Spearman's correlation for associations and machine learning to identify a classifier of cognitive status (impaired vs. unimpaired) built from clinical (age, sex, HIV status) and immunological markers. Results: Gal-9 levels were elevated in ART-treated AWH compared with AWOH in both cohorts (all P  < 0.05). Higher Gal-9 in AWH correlated with increased levels of inflammatory mediators (sCD14, TNFα, MCP-1, IP-10, IL-10) and activated CD8 + T cells (all P  < 0.05). Irrespective of HIV status, higher Gal-9 levels correlated with lower cognitive test scores in multiple domains [verbal learning, visuospatial learning, memory, motor skills (all P  < 0.05)]. ML classification identified Gal-9, CTLA-4, HVEM, and TIM-3 as significant predictors of cognitive deficits in adolescents [mean area under the curve (AUC) = 0.837]. Conclusion: Our results highlight a potential role of Gal-9 as a biomarker of inflammation and cognitive health among adolescents with perinatally acquired HIV. (Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.)
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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