Nitrogen use efficiency in bread wheat: Genetic variation and prospects for improvement.

Autor: Biradar SS; AICRP on Wheat, MARS, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, India., Patil MK; Department of Genetics & Plant Breeding, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, India., Desai SA; Department of Genetics & Plant Breeding, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, India., Singh SK; Genetics Division, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India., Naik VR; Directorate of Research, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, India., Lamani K; Department of Agronomy, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, India., Joshi AK; CIMMYT- India, New Delhi, India.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: PloS one [PLoS One] 2024 Apr 10; Vol. 19 (4), pp. e0294755. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Apr 10 (Print Publication: 2024).
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0294755
Abstrakt: Nitrogen (N) is one of the primary macronutrients required for crop growth and yield. This nutrient is especially limiting wheat yields in the dry and low fertile agro-ecologies having low N in the root zone soil strata. Moreover, majority of farmers in India and South Asia are small to marginal with meagre capacity to invest in costly nitrogen fertilizers. Therefore, there is an immense need to identify lines that use nitrogen efficiently. A set of 50 diverse wheat genotypes consisting of indigenous germplasm lines (05), cultivars released for commercial cultivation (23) and selected elite lines from CIMMYT nurseries (22) were evaluated in an alpha-lattice design with two replications, a six-rowed plot of 2.5m length for 24 agro morphological, physiological and NUE related traits during two consecutive crop seasons in an N-depleted precision field under two different N levels of 50%-N50 (T1) and 100%-N100 (T2) of recommended N, i.e., 100 kg/ha. Analysis of variance revealed significant genetic variation among genotypes for all the traits studied. About 11.36% yield reduction was observed at reduced N levels. Significant correlations among NUE traits and yield component traits were observed which indicated pivotal role of N remobilization to the grain in enhancing yield levels. Among N-insensitive genotypes identified based on their yielding ability at low N levels, UASBW13356, UASBW13358, UASBW13354, UASBW13357 and KRL1-4 showed their inherent genotypic plasticity toward N application. The genotypes with more yield and high to moderate NUtE can be used as parents for the breeding of N efficient genotypes for marginal agro-ecologies. Low N tolerant genotypes identified from the current investigation may be further utilized in the identification of genomic regions responsible for NUE and its deployment in wheat breeding programs. The comprehensive data of 24 traits under different nitrogen levels for diverse genotypes from India and global sources (mainly CIMMYT) should be useful for supporting breeding for NUE and thus will be of great help for small and marginal farmers in India and South Asia.
Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
(Copyright: © 2024 Biradar et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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