The International Olympic Committee framework on fairness, inclusion and nondiscrimination on the basis of gender identity and sex variations does not protect fairness for female athletes.

Autor: Lundberg TR; Division of Clinical Physiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden., Tucker R; Department of Sport Science, Institute of Sport and Exercise Medicine, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa., McGawley K; Department of Health Sciences, Swedish Winter Sports Research Centre, Mid Sweden University, Östersund, Sweden., Williams AG; Manchester Metropolitan Institute of Sport, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK.; Institute of Sport, Exercise and Health, University College London, London, UK.; Applied Sports, Technology, Exercise and Medicine Research Centre (A-STEM), Faculty of Science and Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea, UK., Millet GP; Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland., Sandbakk Ø; Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Centre for Elite Sports Research, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway., Howatson G; Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.; Water Research Group, North West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa., Brown GA; Department of Kinesiology and Sport Sciences, University of Nebraska at Kearney, Kearney, Nebraska, USA., Carlson LA; The Carlson Laboratory, Portland, Maine, USA., Chantler S; Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK., Chen MA; School of Health and Life Sciences, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, UK., Heffernan SM; Applied Sports, Technology, Exercise and Medicine Research Centre (A-STEM), Faculty of Science and Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea, UK., Heron N; Centre for Public Health, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK.; School of Medicine, Keele University, Newcastle-under-Lyme, UK., Kirk C; Sport and Physical Activity Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, UK., Murphy MH; Physical Activity for Health Research Centre, Moray House School of Education and Sport, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.; Centre for Exercise Medicine, Physical Activity and Health, School of Sport, Ulster University, Belfast, UK., Pollock N; Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, UK., Pringle J; School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK., Richardson A; School of Social Sciences, Humanities and Law, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, UK., Santos-Concejero J; Department of Physical Education and Sport, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain., Stebbings GK; Manchester Metropolitan Institute of Sport, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK., Christiansen AV; Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark., Phillips SM; Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada., Devine C; Independent, Manchester, UK., Jones C; Cardiff School of Sport and Health Sciences, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, UK., Pike J; Department of Philosophy, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, The Open University, Milton Keynes, UK., Hilton EN; School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports [Scand J Med Sci Sports] 2024 Mar; Vol. 34 (3), pp. e14581.
DOI: 10.1111/sms.14581
Abstrakt: The International Olympic Committee (IOC) recently published a framework on fairness, inclusion, and nondiscrimination on the basis of gender identity and sex variations. Although we appreciate the IOC's recognition of the role of sports science and medicine in policy development, we disagree with the assertion that the IOC framework is consistent with existing scientific and medical evidence and question its recommendations for implementation. Testosterone exposure during male development results in physical differences between male and female bodies; this process underpins male athletic advantage in muscle mass, strength and power, and endurance and aerobic capacity. The IOC's "no presumption of advantage" principle disregards this reality. Studies show that transgender women (male-born individuals who identify as women) with suppressed testosterone retain muscle mass, strength, and other physical advantages compared to females; male performance advantage cannot be eliminated with testosterone suppression. The IOC's concept of "meaningful competition" is flawed because fairness of category does not hinge on closely matched performances. The female category ensures fair competition for female athletes by excluding male advantages. Case-by-case testing for transgender women may lead to stigmatization and cannot be robustly managed in practice. We argue that eligibility criteria for female competition must consider male development rather than relying on current testosterone levels. Female athletes should be recognized as the key stakeholders in the consultation and decision-making processes. We urge the IOC to reevaluate the recommendations of their Framework to include a comprehensive understanding of the biological advantages of male development to ensure fairness and safety in female sports.
(© 2024 The Authors. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science In Sports published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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