Spatial scale effects on associations between built environment and cognitive function: Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis.

Autor: Li J; Department of Land Resources Management, School of Public Administration, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China., Hirsch JA; Urban Health Collaborative, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA. Electronic address: jah474@drexel.edu., Michael YL; Urban Health Collaborative, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA., Besser LM; Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA., Auchincloss AH; Urban Health Collaborative, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA., Hughes TM; Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27109, USA., Sánchez BN; Urban Health Collaborative, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Health & place [Health Place] 2024 Mar; Vol. 86, pp. 103181. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Feb 09.
DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2024.103181
Abstrakt: Built environments have the potential to favorably support cognitive function. Despite growing work on this topic, most of the work has ignored variation in the spatial scale of the effect. The issue with spatial scale effects is that the size and shape of the areal unit within which built environment characteristics are measured naturally influence the built environment exposure metric and thus the estimated associations with health. We used spatial distributed lag modeling (DLM) to estimate how associations between built environment exposures (walkable destinations [WD], social destinations [SD]) and change in cognition varied across distance of these destinations from participants' residences. Cognition was assessed as maintained/improved processing speed (PS) and global cognition (GC). Person-level data from Exam 5 (2010-2012) and Exam 6 (2016-2018) of the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis was used (N = 1380, mean age 67). Built environment data were derived from the National Establishment Time Series. Higher availability of walkable and social destinations at closer distance from participants' residence was associated with maintained/improved PS. The adjusted associations between maintained/improved PS and destinations waned with increasing distance from the residence; associations were evident until approximately 1.9-km for WD and 1.5-km for SD. Associations were most apparent for participants living in areas with high population density. We found little evidence for associations between change in GC and built environment at any distance. These results highlight the importance of identifying appropriate spatial scale to understand the mechanisms for built environment-cognition associations.
(Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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