Perceptual reorganization from prior knowledge emerges late in childhood.

Autor:	Milne GA; Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, EC1V 9EL London, UK.; Division of Psychology and Language Sciences, University College London, WC1H 0AP London, UK., Lisi M; Department of Psychology, Royal Holloway, University of London, TW20 0EX London, UK., McLean A; Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, EC1V 9EL London, UK., Zheng R; Informatics Institute, University of Amsterdam, 1098 XH Amsterdam, the Netherlands., Groen IIA; Informatics Institute, University of Amsterdam, 1098 XH Amsterdam, the Netherlands., Dekker TM; Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, EC1V 9EL London, UK.; Division of Psychology and Language Sciences, University College London, WC1H 0AP London, UK.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	IScience [iScience] 2024 Jan 04; Vol. 27 (2), pp. 108787. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Jan 04 (Print Publication: 2024).
DOI:	10.1016/j.isci.2024.108787
Abstrakt:	Human vision relies heavily on prior knowledge. Here, we show for the first time that prior-knowledge-induced reshaping of visual inputs emerges gradually in late childhood. To isolate the effects of prior knowledge on perception, we presented 4- to 12-year-olds and adults with two-tone images - hard-to-recognize degraded photos. In adults, seeing the original photo triggers perceptual reorganization, causing mandatory recognition of the two-tone version. This involves top-down signaling from higher-order brain areas to early visual cortex. We show that children younger than 7-9 years do not experience this knowledge-guided shift, despite viewing the original photo immediately before each two-tone. To assess computations underlying this development, we compared human performance to three neural networks with varying architectures. The best-performing model behaved much like 4- to 5-year-olds, displaying feature-based rather than holistic processing strategies. The reconciliation of prior knowledge with sensory input undergoes a striking age-related shift, which may underpin the development of many perceptual abilities. Competing Interests: The authors declare no competing interests. (© 2024 The Authors.)
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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