Effects of seawater acidification and warming on morphometrics and biomineralization-related gene expression during embryo-larval development of a lightly-calcified echinoderm.

Autor: Song M; Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, China; National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Dalian, 116023, China., Huo D; Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China., Pang L; Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, China., Yu Z; Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, China., Yang X; National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Dalian, 116023, China., Zhang A; National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Dalian, 116023, China., Zhao Y; School of Ocean, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, China., Zhang L; Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China., Yuan X; Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, China; National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Dalian, 116023, China. Electronic address: xtyuan@yic.ac.cn.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Environmental research [Environ Res] 2024 May 01; Vol. 248, pp. 118248. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Jan 24.
DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118248
Abstrakt: CO 2 -induced ocean acidification and warming pose ecological threats to marine life, especially calcifying species such as echinoderms, who rely on biomineralization for skeleton formation. However, previous studies on echinoderm calcification amid climate change had a strong bias towards heavily calcified echinoderms, with little research on lightly calcified ones, such as sea cucumbers. Here, we analyzed the embryo-larval development and their biomineralization-related gene expression of a lightly calcified echinoderm, the sea cucumber (Apostichopus japonicus), under experimental seawater acidification (OA) and/or warming (OW). Results showed that OA (- 0.37 units) delayed development and decreased body size (8.58-56.25 % and 0.36-19.66 % decreases in stage duration and body length, respectively), whereas OW (+3.1 °C) accelerated development and increased body size (33.99-55.28 % increase in stage duration and 2.44-14.41 % enlargement in body length). OW buffered the negative effects of OA on the development timing and body size of A. japonicus. Additionally, no target genes were expressed in the blastula stage, and only two biomineralization genes (colp3α, cyp2) and five TFs (erg, tgif, foxN2/3, gata1/2/3, and tbr) were expressed throughout the embryo-larval development. Our findings suggest that the low calcification in A. japonicus larvae may be caused by biomineralization genes contraction, and low expression of those genes. Furthermore, this study indicated that seawater acidification and warming affect expression of biomineralization-related genes, and had an effect on body size and development rate during the embryo-larval stage in sea cucumbers. Our study is a first step toward a better understanding of the complexity of high pCO 2 on calcification and helpful for revealing the adaptive strategy of less-calcified echinoderms amid climate change.
Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
(Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
Databáze: MEDLINE
Externí odkaz: