| Autor: |
Shumega AR; Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, St. Petersburg State University, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia., Pavlov YI; Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.; Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pathology and Microbiology, Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA., Chirinskaite AV; Center of Transgenesis and Genome Editing, St. Petersburg State University, Universitetskaja Emb., 7/9, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia., Rubel AA; Laboratory of Amyloid Biology, St. Petersburg State University, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia., Inge-Vechtomov SG; Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, St. Petersburg State University, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia.; Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, St. Petersburg Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia., Stepchenkova EI; Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, St. Petersburg State University, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia.; Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, St. Petersburg Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia. |
| Abstrakt: |
The discovery of the CRISPR/Cas9 microbial adaptive immune system has revolutionized the field of genetics, by greatly enhancing the capacity for genome editing. CRISPR/Cas9-based editing starts with DNA breaks (or other lesions) predominantly at target sites and, unfortunately, at off-target genome sites. DNA repair systems differing in accuracy participate in establishing desired genetic changes but also introduce unwanted mutations, that may lead to hereditary, oncological, and other diseases. New approaches to alleviate the risks associated with genome editing include attenuating the off-target activity of editing complex through the use of modified forms of Cas9 nuclease and single guide RNA (sgRNA), improving delivery methods for sgRNA/Cas9 complex, and directing DNA lesions caused by the sgRNA/Cas9 to non-mutagenic repair pathways. Here, we have described CRISPR/Cas9 as a new powerful mutagenic factor, discussed its mutagenic properties, and reviewed factors influencing the mutagenic activity of CRISPR/Cas9. |
