Neuroprotective effects of gemfibrozil in neurological disorders: Focus on inflammation and molecular mechanisms.

Autor: Ivraghi MS; School of Medicine, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran., Zamanian MY; Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran., Gupta R; Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, India., Achmad H; Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia., Alsaab HO; Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia., Hjazi A; Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia., Romero-Parra RM; Universidad Continental, Lima, Peru., Alwaily ER; Microbiology Research Group, College of Pharmacy, Al-Ayen University, Thi-Qar, Iraq., Hussien BM; Medical Laboratory Technology Department, College of Medical Technology, The Islamic University, Najaf, Iraq., Hakimizadeh E; Physiology-Pharmacology Research Center, Research Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: CNS neuroscience & therapeutics [CNS Neurosci Ther] 2024 Mar; Vol. 30 (3), pp. e14473. Date of Electronic Publication: 2023 Oct 30.
DOI: 10.1111/cns.14473
Abstrakt: Background: Gemfibrozil (Gem) is a drug that has been shown to activate PPAR-α, a nuclear receptor that plays a key role in regulating lipid metabolism. Gem is used to lower the levels of triglycerides and reduce the risk of coronary heart disease in patients. Experimental studies in vitro and in vivo have shown that Gem can prevent or slow the progression of neurological disorders (NDs), including cerebral ischemia (CI), Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and multiple sclerosis (MS). Neuroinflammation is known to play a significant role in these disorders.
Method: The literature review for this study was conducted by searching Scopus, Science Direct, PubMed, and Google Scholar databases.
Result: The results of this study show that Gem has neuroprotective effects through several cellular and molecular mechanisms such as: (1) Gem has the ability to upregulate pro-survival factors (PGC-1α and TFAM), promoting the survival and function of mitochondria in the brain, (2) Gem strongly inhibits the activation of NF-κB, AP-1, and C/EBPβ in cytokine-stimulated astroglial cells, which are known to increase the expression of iNOS and the production of NO in response to proinflammatory cytokines, (3) Gem protects dopamine neurons in the MPTP mouse model of PD by increasing the expression of PPARα, which in turn stimulates the production of GDNF in astrocytes, (4) Gem reduces amyloid plaque pathology, reduces the activity of glial cells, and improves memory, (5) Gem increases myelin genes expression (MBP and CNPase) via PPAR-β, and (6) Gem increases hippocampal BDNF to counteract depression.
Conclusion: According to the study, Gem was investigated for its potential therapeutic effect in NDs. Further research is needed to fully understand the therapeutic potential of Gem in NDs.
(© 2023 Hamadan University of Medical Sciences. CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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