Survey on microbial contamination of opened skin care products used for tattooing.
| Autor: | Neuhaus S; Department of Biological Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Berlin 10589, Germany., Brockmann S; Department of Health Protection and Epidemiology, Baden-Wuerttemberg State Health Office, Stuttgart 70191, Germany., Al Dahouk S; Department of Biological Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Berlin 10589, Germany.; Department of Internal Medicine, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen 52074, Germany., Dieckmann R; Department of Biological Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Berlin 10589, Germany. |
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| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Zdroj: | Journal of applied microbiology [J Appl Microbiol] 2023 Nov 01; Vol. 134 (11). |
| DOI: | 10.1093/jambio/lxad243 |
| Abstrakt: | Aims: Inadequate hygiene measures as well as the use of contaminated inks or non-sterile needles are considered as important infection sources in the process of tattooing. In tattoo parlors and at conventions, it is common practice to apply cosmetic products from bulk packs as lubricants during tattooing and as ointments for tattoo aftercare. The objective of our study was to assess the microbial load of opened skin care products used during tattooing or for tattoo aftercare. Methods and Results: First, we established a homogenization method suitable for the microbiological examination of water-immiscible products. To this end, we compared the efficiency of FastPrepTM and Stomacher® homogenizers on artificially contaminated petroleum jelly. FastPrep homogenates revealed significantly higher detection rates (≥97%) compared to Stomacher ones (31%-64%). Second, we investigated 106 cosmetic bulk pack products collected from tattoo artists. After FastPrep homogenization for 30 seconds, total aerobic mesophilic bacteria and the presence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida albicans were determined through culture. We also tested for Mycobacteria spp. by qPCR. In total, 4.7% of the cosmetic products under study turned out to be contaminated. Conclusion: The observed microbial contamination of opened skin care bulk packs can hold a risk to introduce bacteria into the fresh skin wound resulting from tattooing and may be a risk factor for post-tattoo infections. (© The Author(s) 2023. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Applied Microbiology International.) |
| Databáze: | MEDLINE |
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