Changes and stability of hand nicotine levels in children of smokers: Associations with urinary biomarkers, reported child tobacco smoke exposure, and home smoking bans.

Autor: Matt GE; Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA. Electronic address: gmatt@sdsu.edu., Merianos AL; School of Human Services, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA., Stone L; Division of Emergency Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, USA., Wullenweber C; Division of Emergency Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, USA., Quintana PJE; School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA., Hoh E; School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA., Dodder NG; School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA; San Diego State University Research Foundation, San Diego, CA, USA., Lopez Galvez N; School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA., Mahabee-Gittens EM; Division of Emergency Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Environment international [Environ Int] 2023 Nov; Vol. 181, pp. 108239. Date of Electronic Publication: 2023 Sep 27.
DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.108239
Abstrakt: Background: Exposure to thirdhand smoke (THS) residue takes place through inhalation, ingestion, and dermal transfer. Hand nicotine levels have been proposed to measure THS pollution in the environment of children, but little is known about its variability and stability over time and correlates of change.
Objectives: The goal was to determine the stability of hand nicotine in comparison to urinary biomarkers and to explore factors that influence changes in hand nicotine.
Methods: Data were collected from 0 to 11-year-old children (Mean age = 5.9) who lived with ≥1 tobacco smokers (N = 129). At a 6-week interval, we collected repeated measures of hand nicotine, four urinary biomarkers (cotinine, trans-3'-hydroxycotinine, nicotelline N-oxides, and 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol), and parent-reported child tobacco smoke exposure (TSE). Dependent sample t-tests, correlations, and multivariable regression analyses were conducted to examine the changes in child TSE.
Results: Hand nicotine levels (r = 0.63, p < 0.001) showed similar correlations between repeated measures to urinary biomarkers (r = 0.58-0.71; p < 0.001). Different from urinary biomarkers, mean hand nicotine levels increased over time (t(113) = 3.37, p < 0.001) being significantly higher in children from homes without smoking bans at Time 2 (p = 0.016) compared to Time 1 (p = 0.003). Changes in hand nicotine correlated with changes in cotinine and trans-3'-hydroxycotinine (r = 0.30 and r = 0.19, respectively, p < 0.05). Children with home smoking bans at Time 1 and 2 showed significantly lower hand nicotine levels compared to children without home smoking bans.
Discussion: Findings indicate that hand nicotine levels provide additional insights into children's exposure to tobacco smoke pollutants than reported child TSE and urinary biomarkers. Changes in hand nicotine levels show that consistent home smoking bans in homes of children of smokers can lower THS exposure. Hand nicotine levels may be influenced by the environmental settings in which they are collected.
Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests: Georg Matt reports financial support was provided by Tobacco-Related Disease Research Program. Georg Matt reports financial support was provided by National Institutes of Health. Ashley L. Merianos reports financial support was provided by National Institutes of Health. Lara Stone reports financial support was provided by National Institutes of Health. Chase Wullenweber reports was provided by National Institutes of Health. Penelope J.E. Quintana reports was provided by National Institutes of Health. Penelope J.E. Quintana reports financial support was provided by Tobacco-Related Disease Research Program. Eunha Hoh reports financial support was provided by National Institutes of Health. Eunha Hoh reports financial support was provided by Tobacco-Related Disease Research Program. Nathan Dodder reports financial support was provided by National Institutes of Health. Nathan Dodder reports financial support was provided by Tobacco-Related Disease Research Program. Nicolas Lopez Galvez reports financial support was provided by National Institutes of Health. E. Melinda Mahabee-Gittens reports financial support was provided by National Institutes of Health.
(Copyright © 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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