| Autor: |
Iswanto AH; Department of Forest Product, Faculty of Forestry, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan 20155, Indonesia., Lubis MAR; Research Center for Biomass and Bioproducts, National Research and Innovation Agency, Cibinong 16911, Indonesia.; Research Collaboration Center for Biomass and Biorefinery between BRIN and Universitas Padjadjaran, National Research and Innovation Agency, Bandung 40600, Indonesia., Sutiawan J; Department of Forest Product, Faculty of Forestry, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan 20155, Indonesia.; Research Center for Biomass and Bioproducts, National Research and Innovation Agency, Cibinong 16911, Indonesia., Al-Edrus SSO; Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Malaysia., Lee SH; Department of Wood Industry, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Kampus Jengka, Pahang 26400, Malaysia., Antov P; Faculty of Forest Industry, University of Forestry, 1797 Sofia, Bulgaria., Kristak L; Faculty of Wood Sciences and Technology, Technical University in Zvolen, 96001 Zvolen, Slovakia., Reh R; Faculty of Wood Sciences and Technology, Technical University in Zvolen, 96001 Zvolen, Slovakia., Mardawati E; Research Collaboration Center for Biomass and Biorefinery between BRIN and Universitas Padjadjaran, National Research and Innovation Agency, Bandung 40600, Indonesia.; Department of Agro-Industrial Technology, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor 40600, Indonesia., Santoso A; Research Center for Biomass and Bioproducts, National Research and Innovation Agency, Cibinong 16911, Indonesia., Kusumah SS; Research Center for Biomass and Bioproducts, National Research and Innovation Agency, Cibinong 16911, Indonesia. |
| Abstrakt: |
The depletion of natural resources and increasing environmental apprehension regarding the reduction of harmful isocyanates employed in manufacturing polyurethanes (PUs) have generated significant attention from both industrial and academic sectors. This attention is focused on advancing bio-based non-isocyanate polyurethane (NIPU) resins as viable and sustainable substitutes, possessing satisfactory properties. This review presents a comprehensive analysis of the progress made in developing bio-based NIPU polymers for wood adhesive applications. The main aim of this paper is to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the latest advancements in the production of high-performance bio-based NIPU resins derived from lignin and tannin for wood composites. A comprehensive evaluation was conducted on scholarly publications retrieved from the Scopus database, encompassing the period from January 2010 to April 2023. In NIPU adhesive manufacturing, the exploration of substitute materials for isocyanates is imperative, due to their inherent toxicity, high cost, and limited availability. The process of demethylation and carbonation of lignin and tannin has the potential to produce polyphenolic compounds that possess hydroxyl and carbonyl functional groups. Bio-based NIPUs can be synthesized through the reaction involving diamine molecules. Previous studies have provided evidence indicating that NIPUs derived from lignin and tannin exhibit enhanced mechanical properties, decreased curing temperatures and shortened pressing durations, and are devoid of isocyanates. The characterization of NIPU adhesives based on lignin and tannin was conducted using various analytical techniques, including Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization with time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry, and gel permeation chromatography (GPC). The adhesive performance of tannin-based NIPU resins was shown to be superior to that of lignin-based NIPUs. This paper elucidates the potential of lignin and tannin as alternate sources for polyols in the manufacturing of NIPUs, specifically for their application as wood adhesives. |
