Sniffing out safety: canine detection and identification of SARS-CoV-2 infection from armpit sweat.

Autor:	Callewaert C; Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium., Pezavant M; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Clinique Vétérinaire Universitaire (CVU), University of Liège, Liège, Belgium., Vandaele R; Federal Police Belgium, Linter, Belgium., Meeus B; Federal Police Belgium, Linter, Belgium., Vankrunkelsven E; Federal Police Belgium, Linter, Belgium., Van Goethem P; Federal Police Belgium, Linter, Belgium., Plumacker A; CHU Saint-Pierre Hospital, Brussels, Belgium., Misset B; CHU-Sart-Tilman, Intensive Care Unit, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium., Darcis G; CHU-Sart-Tilman, Infectious Diseases - Internal Medicine, Public Health Sciences, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium., Piret S; CHU-Bruyères, Intensive Care Unit, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium., De Vleeschouwer L; General Hospital (AZ) Glorieux Hospital, Ronse, Belgium., Staelens F; Onze Lieve Vrouwziekenhuis (OLVZ), Aalst, Belgium., Van Varenbergh K; Onze Lieve Vrouwziekenhuis (OLVZ), Aalst, Belgium., Tombeur S; Onze Lieve Vrouwziekenhuis (OLVZ), Aalst, Belgium., Ottevaere A; General Hospital (AZ) Oudenaarde, Oudenaarde, Belgium., Montag I; Jan Yperman Hospital, Ypres, Belgium., Vandecandelaere P; Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology, Jan Yperman Hospital, Ypres, Belgium., Jonckheere S; Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology, Jan Yperman Hospital, Ypres, Belgium., Vandekerckhove L; HIV Cure Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium., Tobback E; Department of General Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium., Wieers G; General Internal Medicine, Clinique Saint-Pierre Ottignies, Ottignies, Belgium.; Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences (Narilis) and Department of Medicine, University of Namur, Namur, Belgium., Marot JC; General Internal Medicine, Clinique Saint-Pierre Ottignies, Ottignies, Belgium., Anseeuw K; Department of Emergency Medicine, ZNA, Antwerp, Belgium., D'Hoore L; Belgian Defence, Brussels, Belgium.; Department of Emergency Medicine, ZNA, Antwerp, Belgium., Tuyls S; Respiratory Medicine, GasthuisZusters (GZA) Hospital Group, Antwerp, Belgium., De Tavernier B; Emergency Medicine and Intensive Care, GasthuisZusters (GZA) Hospital Group, Antwerp, Belgium., Catteeuw J; General Hospital (AZ) Jan Palfijn, Ghent, Belgium., Lotfi A; Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States., Melnik A; Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States., Aksenov A; Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States., Grandjean D; Nosaïs Program, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort (Alfort School of Veterinary Medicine), University Paris-Est, Maisons-Alfort, France., Stevens M; Veterinary, Ypres, Belgium., Gasthuys F; Department of Surgery, Anesthesiology and Orthopedics of Large Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium., Guyot H; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Clinique Vétérinaire Universitaire (CVU), University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	Frontiers in medicine [Front Med (Lausanne)] 2023 Sep 19; Vol. 10, pp. 1185779. Date of Electronic Publication: 2023 Sep 19 (Print Publication: 2023).
DOI:	10.3389/fmed.2023.1185779
Abstrakt:	Detection dogs were trained to detect SARS-CoV-2 infection based on armpit sweat odor. Sweat samples were collected using cotton pads under the armpits of negative and positive human patients, confirmed by qPCR, for periods of 15-30 min. Multiple hospitals and organizations throughout Belgium participated in this study. The sweat samples were stored at -20°C prior to being used for training purposes. Six dogs were trained under controlled atmosphere conditions for 2-3 months. After training, a 7-day validation period was conducted to assess the dogs' performances. The detection dogs exhibited an overall sensitivity of 81%, specificity of 98%, and an accuracy of 95%. After validation, training continued for 3 months, during which the dogs' performances remained the same. Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis revealed a unique sweat scent associated with SARS-CoV-2 positive sweat samples. This scent consisted of a wide variety of volatiles, including breakdown compounds of antiviral fatty acids, skin proteins and neurotransmitters/hormones. An acceptability survey conducted in Belgium demonstrated an overall high acceptability and enthusiasm toward the use of detection dogs for SARS-CoV-2 detection. Compared to qPCR and previous canine studies, the detection dogs have good performances in detecting SARS-CoV-2 infection in humans, using frozen sweat samples from the armpits. As a result, they can be used as an accurate pre-screening tool in various field settings alongside the PCR test. Competing Interests: CC is the founder of DrArmpit BV. AA and AM are founders of Arome Science Inc. The remaining authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. The reviewer A-LC is currently co-organizing a Research Topic with one of the authors DG. (Copyright © 2023 Callewaert, Pezavant, Vandaele, Meeus, Vankrunkelsven, Van Goethem, Plumacker, Misset, Darcis, Piret, De Vleeschouwer, Staelens, Van Varenbergh, Tombeur, Ottevaere, Montag, Vandecandelaere, Jonckheere, Vandekerckhove, Tobback, Wieers, Marot, Anseeuw, D’Hoore, Tuyls, De Tavernier, Catteeuw, Lotfi, Melnik, Aksenov, Grandjean, Stevens, Gasthuys and Guyot.)
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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