Clinical Significance of Carnitine in the Treatment of Cancer: From Traffic to the Regulation.

Autor: Farahzadi R; Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran., Hejazi MS; Molecular Medicine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.; Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran., Molavi O; Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran., Pishgahzadeh E; Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Montazersaheb S; Molecular Medicine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran., Jafari S; Nutrition Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity [Oxid Med Cell Longev] 2023 Aug 10; Vol. 2023, pp. 9328344. Date of Electronic Publication: 2023 Aug 10 (Print Publication: 2023).
DOI: 10.1155/2023/9328344
Abstrakt: Metabolic reprogramming is a common hallmark of cancer cells. Cancer cells exhibit metabolic flexibility to maintain high proliferation and survival rates. In other words, adaptation of cellular demand is essential for tumorigenesis, since a diverse supply of nutrients is required to accommodate tumor growth and progression. Diversity of carbon substrates fueling cancer cells indicate metabolic heterogeneity, even in tumors sharing the same clinical diagnosis. In addition to the alteration of glucose and amino acid metabolism in cancer cells, there is evidence that cancer cells can alter lipid metabolism. Some tumors rely on fatty acid oxidation (FAO) as the primary energy source; hence, cancer cells overexpress the enzymes involved in FAO. Carnitine is an essential cofactor in the lipid metabolic pathways. It is crucial in facilitating the transport of long-chain fatty acids into the mitochondria for β -oxidation. This role and others played by carnitine, especially its antioxidant function in cellular processes, emphasize the fine regulation of carnitine traffic within tissues and subcellular compartments. The biological activity of carnitine is orchestrated by specific membrane transporters that mediate the transfer of carnitine and its derivatives across the cell membrane. The concerted function of carnitine transporters creates a collaborative network that is relevant to metabolic reprogramming in cancer cells. Here, the molecular mechanisms relevant to the role and expression of carnitine transporters are discussed, providing insights into cancer treatment.
Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.
(Copyright © 2023 Raheleh Farahzadi et al.)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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