Effects of hotter, drier conditions on gaseous losses from nitrogen fertilisers.

Autor: Drame M; Net-zero & Resilient Farming, Rothamsted Research, North Wyke, UK; Environment and Agrifood, Cranfield University, Cranfield, UK; Sustainable Soils and Crops, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, UK., Carswell A; Net-zero & Resilient Farming, Rothamsted Research, North Wyke, UK. Electronic address: alison.carswell@rothamsted.ac.uk., Roberts W; Net-zero & Resilient Farming, Rothamsted Research, North Wyke, UK., Hood J; Intelligent Data Ecosystems, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, UK., Jemo M; Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Lot 660, Hay Moulay Rachid Ben Guerir, Morocco., Heuer S; National Institute of Agricultural Botany, 93 Lawrence Weaver Road, Cambridge, UK., Kirk G; Environment and Agrifood, Cranfield University, Cranfield, UK., Pawlett M; Environment and Agrifood, Cranfield University, Cranfield, UK., Misselbrook T; Net-zero & Resilient Farming, Rothamsted Research, North Wyke, UK.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Journal of environmental management [J Environ Manage] 2023 Nov 01; Vol. 345, pp. 118671. Date of Electronic Publication: 2023 Jul 26.
DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.118671
Abstrakt: Global warming is expected to cause hotter, drier summers and more extreme weather events including heat waves and droughts. A little understood aspect of this is its effects on the efficacy of fertilisers and related nutrient losses into the environment. We explored the effects of high soil temperature (>25 °C) and low soil moisture (<40% water filled pore space; WFPS) on emissions of ammonia (NH 3 ) and nitrous oxide (N 2 O) following application of urea to soil and the efficacy of urease inhibitors (UI) in slowing N losses. We incubated soil columns at three temperatures (15, 25, 35 °C) and three soil moisture contents (20, 40, 60% WFPS) with urea applied on the soil surface with and without UIs, and measured NH 3 and N 2 O emissions using chambers placed over the columns. Four fertiliser treatments were applied in triplicate in a randomised complete block design: (1) urea; (2) urea with a single UI (N-(n-butyl) thiophosphoric triamide (NBPT); (3) urea with two UI (NBPT and N-(n-propyl) thiophosphoric triamide; NPPT); and (4) a zero N control. Inclusion of UI with urea, relative to urea alone, delayed and reduced peak NH 3 emissions. However, the efficacy of UI was reduced with increasing temperature and decreasing soil moisture. Cumulative NH 3 emission did not differ between the two UI treatments for a given set of conditions and was reduced by 22-87% compared with urea alone. Maximum cumulative NH 3 emission occurred at 35 °C and 20% WFPS, accounting for 31% of the applied N for the urea treatment and 25%, on average for the UI treatments. Urease inhibitors did not influence N 2 O emissions; however, there were interactive impacts of temperature and moisture, with higher cumulative emissions at 40% WFPS and 15 and 25 °C accounting for 1.85-2.62% of the applied N, whereas at 35 °C there was greater N 2 O emission at 60% WFPS. Our results suggest that inclusion of UI with urea effectively reduces NH 3 losses at temperatures reaching 35 °C, although overall effectiveness decreases with increasing temperature, particularly under low soil moisture conditions.
Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests:Alison Carswell reports financial support and statistical analysis were provided by Rothamsted at North Wyke.
(Copyright © 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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