Mesoamerican urbanism revisited: Environmental change, adaptation, resilience, persistence, and collapse.

Autor:	Chase DZ; Academic Affairs, University of Houston System, Houston, TX 77006.; Academic Affairs and Provost, Office of the Provost, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77006., Lobo J; School of Sustainability, College of Global Futures, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281., Feinman GM; Negaunee Integrative Research Center, Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, IL 60605., Carballo DM; Department of Anthropology and Archaeology Program, College of Arts and Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215., Chase AF; Department of Comparative Cultural Studies, College of Liberal Arts and Social Sciences, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77006., Chase ASZ; Mansueto Institute for Urban Innovation, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637.; Department of Anthropology, Division of Social Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago IL 60637., Hutson SR; Department of Anthropology, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506., Ossa A; Anthropology Department, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Oswego State University of New York, Oswego, NY 13126., Canuto M; Department of Anthropology, School of Liberal Arts, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70118., Stanton TW; Department of Anthropology, College of Humanities, Arts, and Social Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521., Gorenflo LJ; Department of Landscape Architecture, College of Arts and Architecture, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802., Pool CA; Department of Anthropology, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506., Arroyo B; Museo Popol Vuh, Universidad Francisco Marroquín, Guatemala 01010, Guatemala., Liendo Stuardo R; Instituto de Investigaciones Antropológicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México DF 04510, México., Nichols DL; Department of Anthropology, Arts and Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America [Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A] 2023 Aug; Vol. 120 (31), pp. e2211558120. Date of Electronic Publication: 2023 Jul 24.
DOI:	10.1073/pnas.2211558120
Abstrakt:	Urban adaptation to climate change is a global challenge requiring a broad response that can be informed by how urban societies in the past responded to environmental shocks. Yet, interdisciplinary efforts to leverage insights from the urban past have been stymied by disciplinary silos and entrenched misconceptions regarding the nature and diversity of premodern human settlements and institutions, especially in the case of prehispanic Mesoamerica. Long recognized as a distinct cultural region, prehispanic Mesoamerica was the setting for one of the world's original urbanization episodes despite the impediments to communication and resource extraction due to the lack of beasts of burden and wheeled transport, and the limited and relatively late use of metal implements. Our knowledge of prehispanic urbanism in Mesoamerica has been significantly enhanced over the past two decades due to significant advances in excavating, analyzing, and contextualizing archaeological materials. We now understand that Mesoamerican urbanism was as much a story about resilience and adaptation to environmental change as it was about collapse. Here we call for a dialogue among Mesoamerican urban archaeologists, sustainability scientists, and researchers interested in urban adaptation to climate change through a synthetic perspective on the organizational diversity of urbanism. Such a dialogue, seeking insights into what facilitates and hinders urban adaptation to environmental change, can be animated by shifting the long-held emphasis on failure and collapse to a more empirically grounded account of resilience and the factors that fostered adaptation and sustainability.
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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