Remediation of Thirdhand Tobacco Smoke with Ozone: Probing Deep Reservoirs in Carpets.

Autor: Tang X; Indoor Environment Group, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States., Gambier C; Indoor Environment Group, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States., López-Gálvez N; School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, California 92182, United States., Padilla S; School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, California 92182, United States., Rapp VH; Indoor Environment Group, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States., Russell ML; Indoor Environment Group, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States., Klivansky LM; Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States., Mayorga R; Department of Chemistry, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States., Perrino C; School of Public Health, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States., Gundel LA; Indoor Environment Group, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States., Hoh E; School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, California 92182, United States., Dodder NG; School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, California 92182, United States., Hammond SK; School of Public Health, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States., Zhang H; Department of Chemistry, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States., Matt GE; Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, California 92182, United States., Quintana PJE; School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, California 92182, United States., Destaillats H; Indoor Environment Group, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Environmental science & technology [Environ Sci Technol] 2023 Jul 11; Vol. 57 (27), pp. 9943-9954. Date of Electronic Publication: 2023 Jun 27.
DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c01628
Abstrakt: We assessed the efficacy of ozonation as an indoor remediation strategy by evaluating how a carpet serves as a sink and long-term source of thirdhand tobacco smoke (THS) while protecting contaminants absorbed in deep reservoirs by scavenging ozone. Specimens from unused carpet that was exposed to smoke in the lab ("fresh THS") and contaminated carpets retrieved from smokers' homes ("aged THS") were treated with 1000 ppb ozone in bench-scale tests. Nicotine was partially removed from fresh THS specimens by volatilization and oxidation, but it was not significantly eliminated from aged THS samples. By contrast, most of the 24 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons detected in both samples were partially removed by ozone. One of the home-aged carpets was installed in an 18 m 3 room-sized chamber, where its nicotine emission rate was 950 ng day -1 m -2 . In a typical home, such daily emissions could amount to a non-negligible fraction of the nicotine released by smoking one cigarette. The operation of a commercial ozone generator for a total duration of 156 min, reaching concentrations up to 10,000 ppb, did not significantly reduce the carpet nicotine loading (26-122 mg m -2 ). Ozone reacted primarily with carpet fibers, rather than with THS, leading to short-term emissions of aldehydes and aerosol particles. Hence, by being absorbed deeply into carpet fibers, THS constituents can be partially shielded from ozonation.
Databáze: MEDLINE
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