Size And Locomotor Ecology Have Differing Effects on the External and Internal Morphologies of Squirrel (Rodentia: Sciuridae) Limb Bones.

Autor:	Rickman J; Department of Biology and Burke Museum of Natural History and Culture, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA., Burtner AE; Department of Biology and Burke Museum of Natural History and Culture, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA., Linden TJ; Department of Biology and Burke Museum of Natural History and Culture, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA., Santana SE; Department of Biology and Burke Museum of Natural History and Culture, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA., Law CJ; Department of Biology and Burke Museum of Natural History and Culture, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA.; Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712, USA.; American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY 10024, USA.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	Integrative organismal biology (Oxford, England) [Integr Org Biol] 2023 May 11; Vol. 5 (1), pp. obad017. Date of Electronic Publication: 2023 May 11 (Print Publication: 2023).
DOI:	10.1093/iob/obad017
Abstrakt:	Mammals exhibit a diverse range of limb morphologies that are associated with different locomotor ecologies and structural mechanics. Much remains to be investigated, however, about the combined effects of locomotor modes and scaling on the external shape and structural properties of limb bones. Here, we used squirrels (Sciuridae) as a model clade to examine the effects of locomotor mode and scaling on the external shape and structure of the two major limb bones, the humerus and femur. We quantified humeral and femoral morphologies using 3D geometric morphometrics and bone structure analyses on a sample of 76 squirrel species across their four major ecotypes. We then used phylogenetic generalized linear models to test how locomotor ecology, size, and their interaction influenced morphological traits. We found that size and locomotor mode exhibit different relationships with the external shape and structure of the limb bones, and that these relationships differ between the humerus and femur. External shapes of the humerus and, to a lesser extent, the femur are best explained by locomotor ecology rather than by size, whereas structures of both bones are best explained by interactions between locomotor ecology and scaling. Interestingly, the statistical relationships between limb morphologies and ecotype were lost when accounting for phylogenetic relationships among species under Brownian motion. That assuming Brownian motion confounded these relationships is not surprising considering squirrel ecotypes are phylogenetically clustered; our results suggest that humeral and femoral variation partitioned early between clades and their ecomorphologies were maintained to the present. Overall, our results show how mechanical constraints, locomotor ecology, and evolutionary history may enact different pressures on the shape and structure of limb bones in mammals. (© The Author(s) 2023. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Integrative and Comparative Biology.)
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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