Effects of COVID-19 disease on PAI-1 antigen and haematological parameters during disease management: A prospective cross-sectional study in a regional Hospital in Ghana.

Autor:	Nkansah C; Department of Haematology, School of Allied Health Sciences, University for Development Studies, Tamale, Ghana.; Department of Medical Diagnostics, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana., Owusu M; Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Health Science and Technology, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Nigeria.; Kumasi Centre for Collaborative Research, Kumasi, Ghana., Appiah SK; Department of Haematology, School of Allied Health Sciences, University for Development Studies, Tamale, Ghana.; Department of Medical Diagnostics, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana., Mensah K; Department of Haematology, School of Allied Health Sciences, University for Development Studies, Tamale, Ghana.; Department of Medical Diagnostics, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana., Bani SB; Department of Biomedical Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Health Sciences, University for Development Studies, Tamale, Ghana., Osei-Boakye F; Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Science and Technology, Sunyani Technical University, Sunyani, Ghana., Agyemang LD; Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Health Science and Technology, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Nigeria.; Department of Clinical Microbiology, Laboratory Service Directorate, Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kumasi, Ghana., Ackah EB; Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Health Science and Technology, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Nigeria., Abbam G; Department of Haematology, School of Allied Health Sciences, University for Development Studies, Tamale, Ghana., Daud S; Department of Haematology, School of Allied Health Sciences, University for Development Studies, Tamale, Ghana., Quansah Y; Department of Biomedical Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Health Sciences, University for Development Studies, Tamale, Ghana., Derigubah CA; Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, School of Applied Science and Arts, Bolgatanga Technical University, Bolgatanga, Ghana., Apodola FA; Department of Medical Diagnostics, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences, Nalerigu, Ghana., Ayangba V; Department of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences, Nalerigu, Ghana., Afrifa DA; Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Health Science and Technology, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Nigeria.; Department of Medical Laboratory, Ankaase Methodist Hospital, Kumasi, Ghana., Eshun CP; Department of Biomedical Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Health Sciences, University for Development Studies, Tamale, Ghana., Iddrisu AW; Department of Biomedical Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Health Sciences, University for Development Studies, Tamale, Ghana., Mintaah S; Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Health Science and Technology, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Nigeria.; Department of Haematology, Laboratory Service Directorate, Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kumasi, Ghana., Twum B; Department of Medical Laboratory, Sunyani Regional Hospital, Sunyani, Ghana., Mohammed A; Department of Biomedical Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Health Sciences, University for Development Studies, Tamale, Ghana., Agyare EM; Department of Biomedical Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Health Sciences, University for Development Studies, Tamale, Ghana., Gyasi WA; Department of Clinical Microbiology, Laboratory Service Directorate, Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kumasi, Ghana.; Department of Theoretical and Applied Biology, Faculty of Biosciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana., Agbadza PE; Department of Biomedical Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Health Sciences, University for Development Studies, Tamale, Ghana., Wilson CAE; Department of Biomedical Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Health Sciences, University for Development Studies, Tamale, Ghana., Anane S; Department of Clinical Microbiology, Laboratory Service Directorate, Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kumasi, Ghana., Antwi P; Department of Microbiology, School of Health and Life Sciences, TEESSIDE University, Middlesbrough, United Kingdom., Antwi RAY; Medical Laboratory Department, Asafo Boakye Specialist Hospital, Kumasi, Ghana.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	PLOS global public health [PLOS Glob Public Health] 2023 Jun 22; Vol. 3 (6), pp. e0001866. Date of Electronic Publication: 2023 Jun 22 (Print Publication: 2023).
DOI:	10.1371/journal.pgph.0001866
Abstrakt:	Background: Individuals with COVID-19 experience thrombotic events probably due to the associated hypofibrinolysis resulting from the upregulation of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) antigen. This study evaluated plasma PAI-1 antigen levels and haematological parameters before treatment and after recovery from severe COVID-19 in Ghana. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at Sunyani Regional Hospital, and recruited 51 patients who had RT-PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2. Participants' sociodemographic data and clinical characteristics were taken from the hospital records. Venous blood was taken before COVID-19 treatment commenced for FBC, PAI-1 and ferritin assays. FBC was assessed using an automated haematology analyzer, whilst plasma PAI-1 Ag and serum ferritin levels were assessed with sandwich ELISA. All the tests were repeated immediately after participants recovered from COVID-19. Results: Of the 51 participants recruited into the study, 78.4% (40) had non-severe COVID-19 whiles 21.6% (11) experienced a severe form of the disease. Severe COVID-19 participants had significantly lower haemoglobin (g/dL): 8.1 (7.3-8.4) vs 11.8 (11.0-12.5), p<0.001; RBC x 1012/L: 2.9 (2.6-3.1) vs 3.4 (3.1-4.3), p = 0.001; HCT%: 24.8 ± 2.6 vs 35.3 ± 6.7, p<0.001 and platelet x 109/L: 86.4 (62.2-91.8) vs 165.5 (115.1-210.3), p<0.001, compared with the non-severe COVID-19 group. But WBC x 109/L: 11.6 (9.9-14.2) vs 5.4 (3.7-6.6), p<0.001 and ferritin (ng/mL): 473.1 (428.3-496.0) vs 336.2 (249.9-386.5), p<0.001, were relatively higher in the participants with severe COVID-19 than the non-severe COVID-19 counterparts. Also, the severely ill SARS-CoV-2-infected participants had relatively higher plasma PAI-1 Ag levels (ng/mL): 131.1 (128.7-131.9) vs 101.3 (92.0-116.8), p<0.001, than those with the non-severe form of the disease. Participants had lower haemoglobin (g/dL): 11.4 (8.8-12.3 vs 12.4 (11.5-13.6), p<0.001; RBC x 1012/L: 3.3 (2.9-4.0) vs 4.3 (3.4-4.6), p = 0.001; absolute granulocyte count x 109/L: 2.3 ± 1.0 vs 4.6 ± 1.8, p<0.001, and platelet x 109/L: 135.0 (107.0-193.0) vs 229.0 (166.0-270.0), p<0.001 values at admission before treatment commenced, compared to when they recovered from the disease. Additionally, the median PAI-1 Ag (ng/mL): 89.6 (74.9-100.8) vs 103.1 (93.2-128.7), p<0.001 and ferritin (ng/mL): 242.2 (197.1-302.1) vs 362.3 (273.1-399.9), p<0.001 levels were reduced after a successful recovery from COVID-19 compared to the values at admission. Conclusion: Plasma PAI-1 Ag level was higher among severe COVID-19 participants. The COVID-19-associated inflammation could affect red blood cell parameters and platelets. Successful recovery from COVID-19, with reduced inflammatory response as observed in the decline of serum ferritin levels restores the haematological parameters. Plasma levels of PAI-1 should be assessed during the management of severe COVID-19 in Ghana. This will enhance the early detection of probable thrombotic events and prompts Physicians to provide interventions to prevent thrombotic complications associated with COVID-19. Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. (Copyright: © 2023 Nkansah et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.)
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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