Shenlian extract protected ox-LDL-loaded macrophages against ER stress by promoting LAL-LXRα mediated cholesterol flux.

Autor: Nie CX; Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China; Institute of Chinese Materia Medica China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China., Du XK; Institute of Chinese Materia Medica China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China., Yang LN; Institute of Chinese Materia Medica China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China., Li MJ; Institute of Chinese Materia Medica China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China., Liu L; Institute of Chinese Materia Medica China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China., Chen Y; Institute of Chinese Materia Medica China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China., Yang Q; Institute of Chinese Materia Medica China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China., Weng XG; Institute of Chinese Materia Medica China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China., Cai WY; Institute of Chinese Materia Medica China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China., Dong Y; Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China. Electronic address: dongyu250541@126.com., Zhu XX; Institute of Chinese Materia Medica China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China. Electronic address: xxzhu@icmm.ac.cn., Li Q; Institute of Chinese Materia Medica China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China. Electronic address: qli@icmm.ac.cn.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Journal of ethnopharmacology [J Ethnopharmacol] 2023 Dec 05; Vol. 317, pp. 116721. Date of Electronic Publication: 2023 Jun 12.
DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116721
Abstrakt: Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Shenlian (SL) extract is consisted of extracts from Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge and Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.) Nees, two herbs commonly used in Chinese clinical formula to treat atherosclerosis by removing blood stasis and clearing away heat. Pharmacologically, the anti-atherosclerotic effects of these two herbs are related to unresolved inflammation and the macrophage anergy or apoptosis in lesions led by the lipid flux blockage and ER stress. However, the deeper understanding of SL extract in protecting macrophage in plaques remains unknown.
Aim of the Study: This study aimed to investigate the underlying mechanism of SL extract in protecting ER-stressed macrophages from apoptosis in atherosclerosis.
Methods: The ApoE -/- atherosclerotic mice model and ox-LDL loaded macrophages model were established to assess the effect of SL extract on ER stress in vivo and in vitro. Key markers related to ER stress in plaque were determined by immunohistochemical staining. Proteins involved in apoptosis and ER stress in macrophages loaded by ox-LDL were assessed by Western blot. ER morphology was observed by electron microscope. Lipid flux was temporally and quantitatively depicted by Oil red staining. The LAL and LXRα were blocked by lalistat and Gsk 2033 respectively to investigate whether SL extract protected the function of macrophages by the activation of LAL-LXRα axis.
Results: Our study reported that, in ApoE-/- atherosclerotic mice, SL extract effectively relieved ER stress of carotid artery plaque. In lipid-overloaded macrophage models, SL extract significantly alleviated ER stress by promoting cholesterol degradation and efflux, which finally prevented apoptosis of foam cells induced by ox-LDL. Blockage of ER stress by 4-Phenylbutyric acid (4-PBA), an inhibitor of Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) stress, largely attenuated the protective effects of SL extract on macrophage. By utilizing the selective antagonists against both LAL and LXRα, this study further revealed that the beneficial effects of SL extract in macrophages was dependent on the proper functionalization of LAL-LXRα axis.
Conclusions: By highlighting the therapeutic significance of macrophage protection in resolving atherosclerosis inflammation, our study pharmacologically provided convincing mechanistic evidence of SL extract in the activation LAL-LXRα axis and revealed its promising potential in the promotion of cholesterol turnover and prevention of ER stress induced apoptosis in lipid-loaded macrophages.
Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
(Copyright © 2023. Published by Elsevier B.V.)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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