Case report: Identification of AP-238 and 2-fluorodeschloroketamine in internet available powder samples sold as bucinnazine.

Autor: Resnik KN; Special Forensic Toxicology Drug Testing Laboratory, Division of Forensic Toxicology, Armed forces Medical Examiner System, Dover, DE, United States; Department of Forensic Science, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States., Babb KN; Department of Forensic Science, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States., Bekenstein LW; University Student Health Services, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States., Moeller FG; Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States., Peace MR; Department of Forensic Science, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States., Alves EA; Department of Forensic Science, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States; National School of Public Health Sérgio Arouca, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Electronic address: alvesea@vcu.edu.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Forensic science international [Forensic Sci Int] 2023 Jul; Vol. 348, pp. 111732. Date of Electronic Publication: 2023 May 18.
DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2023.111732
Abstrakt: Novel synthetic opioids (NSOs) are a class of opioid agonists that include analogs of fentanyl and structurally distinct non-fentanyl compounds normally used as standalone products, heroin adulterants, or constituents of counterfeit pain pills. Most NSOs are not currently scheduled in the U.S., are predominantly illegally synthesized, and sold on the Darknet. Among them, the cinnamylpiperazine derivatives such as bucinnazine (AP-237), AP-238, and 2-methyl-AP-237 and the arylcyclohexylamine derivatives, analogs of ketamine, such as 2-fluoro-deschloroketamine (2 F-DCK) have appeared in several monitoring systems. Two white powders purchased on the internet as bucinnazine were first analyzed with polarized light microscopy followed by direct analysis in real time-mass spectrometry (DART-MS) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Both powders were white crystals with no other significant microscopic properties. The DART-MS analysis showed the presence of 2-fluorodeschloroketamine in powder #1, and AP-238 in powder #2. Identification was confirmed by GC-MS. The purity of each substance was 78.0% for powder #1, and 88.9% for powder #2, respectively. The toxicological risk associated with the misuse of NSOs still needs further study. The absence of bucinnazine and the presence of different active compounds in internet purchased samples raises public health and safety concerns.
Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
(Published by Elsevier B.V.)
Databáze: MEDLINE
Externí odkaz: