Spatial epidemiology of bacterial meningitis in the Upper West Region of Ghana: Analysis of disease surveillance data 2018-2020.

Autor:	Ali M; Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Kumasi, Ghana., Moses A; University of North Carolina, Department of Geography, Charlotte, United States., Nakua EK; Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Kumasi, Ghana., Punguyire D; Ghana Health Service, Upper West Regional Health Directorate, Wa, Ghana., Cheabu BSN; Queen's University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Health Quality Programs, Kingston, Canada., Avevor PM; World Health Organisation, Country Office, Accra, Ghana., Basit KA; Japan International Cooperation Agency, Tamale, Ghana.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	Clinical infection in practice [Clin Infect Pract] 2022 Nov; Vol. 16, pp. 100160.
DOI:	10.1016/j.clinpr.2022.100160
Abstrakt:	Background: The use of a Geographic Information System in identifying meningitis hotspots in the Upper West Region (UWR) remains underutilized, making spatial targeting of meningitis hotspots difficult. We therefore utilized surveillance data enabled with GIS technology to target meningitis outbreaks in the UWR. Methods: Secondary data analysis was conducted in the study. The dynamics of bacterial meningitis in space and time were studied using epidemiological data from 2018 to 2020. Spot map and choropleths were used to depict the distribution of cases in the region. Moran's I statistics were used to assess spatial autocorrelation. Getis-Ord Gi*(d) and Anselin Local Moran's statistics were used to identify hotspots and spatial outliers within the study area. A Geographic Weighted Regression model was also used to examine how socio bio-climatic conditions influence the spread of meningitis. Results: There were 1176 cases of bacterial meningitis, 118 deaths, and 1058 survivors between 2018 and 2020. Nandom municipality had the highest Attack Rate (AR) at 492/100,000 persons, followed by Nadowli-Kaleo district at 314/100,000 persons. Jirapa had the highest case fatality rate (CFR) at 17%. The spatio-temporal analysis showed spatial diffusion of meningitis prevalence from the western half of the UWR to the east with a significant number of hotpots and cluster outliers. Conclusion: Bacterial meningitis does not occur at random. Populations (10.9%) under sub-districts identified as hotspots are exceptionally at higher risk of outbreaks. Targeted interventions should be directed towards clustered hotspots, focusing on zones with low prevalence fenced off by high prevalence zones. Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper. (© 2022 Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of British Infection Association.)
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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