Characterising school-age health and function in rural Zimbabwe using the SAHARAN toolbox.

Autor: Piper JD; Zvitambo Institute for Maternal and Child Health Research, Harare, Zimbabwe.; Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom., Mazhanga C; Zvitambo Institute for Maternal and Child Health Research, Harare, Zimbabwe., Mapako G; Zvitambo Institute for Maternal and Child Health Research, Harare, Zimbabwe., Mapurisa I; Zvitambo Institute for Maternal and Child Health Research, Harare, Zimbabwe., Mashedze T; Zvitambo Institute for Maternal and Child Health Research, Harare, Zimbabwe., Munyama E; Zvitambo Institute for Maternal and Child Health Research, Harare, Zimbabwe., Mwapaura M; Zvitambo Institute for Maternal and Child Health Research, Harare, Zimbabwe., Chidhanguro D; Zvitambo Institute for Maternal and Child Health Research, Harare, Zimbabwe., Mpofu E; Zvitambo Institute for Maternal and Child Health Research, Harare, Zimbabwe., Mutasa B; Zvitambo Institute for Maternal and Child Health Research, Harare, Zimbabwe., Gladstone MJ; Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom., Wells JC; Population Policy and Practice Research and Teaching Department, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom., Langhaug LF; Zvitambo Institute for Maternal and Child Health Research, Harare, Zimbabwe., Tavengwa NV; Zvitambo Institute for Maternal and Child Health Research, Harare, Zimbabwe., Ntozini R; Zvitambo Institute for Maternal and Child Health Research, Harare, Zimbabwe., Prendergast AJ; Zvitambo Institute for Maternal and Child Health Research, Harare, Zimbabwe.; Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: PloS one [PLoS One] 2023 May 11; Vol. 18 (5), pp. e0285570. Date of Electronic Publication: 2023 May 11 (Print Publication: 2023).
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0285570
Abstrakt: Introduction: We developed the School-Age Health, Activity, Resilience, Anthropometry and Neurocognitive (SAHARAN) toolbox to address the shortage of school-age assessment tools that combine growth, physical and cognitive function. Here we present i) development, acceptability and feasibility of the SAHARAN toolbox; ii) characteristics of a pilot cohort; and iii) associations between the domains measured in the cohort.
Methods: Growth was measured with anthropometry, knee-heel length and skinfold thicknesses. Bioimpedance analysis measured lean mass index and phase angle. Cognition was assessed using the mental processing index, derived from the Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children version 2, a fine motor finger-tapping task, and School Achievement Test (SAT). Physical function combined grip strength, broad jump and the 20m shuttle-run test to produce a total physical score. A caregiver questionnaire was performed in parallel.
Results: The SAHARAN toolbox was feasible to implement in rural Zimbabwe, and highly acceptable to children and caregivers following some minor modifications. Eighty children with mean (SD) age 7.6 (0.2) years had mean height-for-age (HAZ) and weight-for-age Z-scores (WAZ) of -0.63 (0.81) and -0.55 (0.85), respectively. Lean mass index and total skinfold thicknesses were related to WAZ and BMI Z-score, but not to HAZ. Total physical score was associated with unit rises in HAZ (1.29, 95% CI 0.75, 1.82, p<0.001), and lean mass index (0.50, 95% CI 0.16, 0.83, p = 0.004), but not skinfold thicknesses. The SAT was associated with unit increases in the mental processing index and child socioemotional score. The caregiver questionnaire identified high levels of adversity and food insecurity.
Conclusions: The SAHARAN toolbox provided a feasible and acceptable holistic assessment of child growth and function in mid-childhood. We found clear associations between growth, height-adjusted lean mass and physical function, but not cognitive function. The SAHARAN toolbox could be deployed to characterise school-age growth, development and function elsewhere in sub-Saharan Africa.
Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist
(Copyright: © 2023 Piper et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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