Snapshots of wintertime urban aerosol characteristics: Local sources emphasized in ultrafine particle number and lung deposited surface area.

Autor: Lepistö T; Aerosol Physics Laboratory, Physics Unit, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, 33014, Finland. Electronic address: teemu.lepisto@tuni.fi., Barreira LMF; Atmospheric Composition Research, Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, 00101, Finland., Helin A; Atmospheric Composition Research, Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, 00101, Finland., Niemi JV; Helsinki Region Environmental Services Authority HSY, Helsinki, 00066, Finland., Kuittinen N; Aerosol Physics Laboratory, Physics Unit, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, 33014, Finland., Lintusaari H; Aerosol Physics Laboratory, Physics Unit, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, 33014, Finland., Silvonen V; Aerosol Physics Laboratory, Physics Unit, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, 33014, Finland., Markkula L; Aerosol Physics Laboratory, Physics Unit, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, 33014, Finland., Manninen HE; Helsinki Region Environmental Services Authority HSY, Helsinki, 00066, Finland., Timonen H; Atmospheric Composition Research, Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, 00101, Finland., Jalava P; Inhalation Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, 70211, Finland., Saarikoski S; Atmospheric Composition Research, Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, 00101, Finland., Rönkkö T; Aerosol Physics Laboratory, Physics Unit, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, 33014, Finland.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Environmental research [Environ Res] 2023 Aug 15; Vol. 231 (Pt 1), pp. 116068. Date of Electronic Publication: 2023 May 05.
DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116068
Abstrakt: Urban air fine particles are a major health-relating problem. However, it is not well understood how the health-relevant features of fine particles should be monitored. Limitations of PM 2.5 (mass concentration of sub 2.5 μm particles), which is commonly used in the health effect estimations, have been recognized and, e.g., World Health Organization (WHO) has released good practice statements for particle number (PN) and black carbon (BC) concentrations (2021). In this study, a characterization of urban wintertime aerosol was done in three environments: a detached housing area with residential wood combustion, traffic-influenced streets in a city centre and near an airport. The particle characteristics varied significantly between the locations, resulting different average particle sizes causing lung deposited surface area (LDSA). Near the airport, departing planes had a major contribution on PN, and most particles were smaller than 10 nm, similarly as in the city centre. The high hourly mean PN (>20 000 1/cm 3 ) stated in the WHO's good practices was clearly exceeded near the airport and in the city centre, even though traffic rates were reduced due to a SARS-CoV-2-related partial lockdown. In the residential area, wood combustion increased both BC and PM 2.5 , but also PN of sub 10 and 23 nm particles. The high concentrations of sub 10 nm particles in all the locations show the importance of the chosen lower size limit of PN measurement, e.g., WHO states that the lower limit should be 10 nm or smaller. Furthermore, due to ultrafine particle emissions, LDSA per unit PM 2.5 was 1.4 and 2.4 times higher near the airport than in the city centre and the residential area, respectively, indicating that health effects of PM 2.5 depend on urban environment as well as conditions, and emphasizing the importance of PN monitoring in terms of health effects related to local pollution sources.
Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
(Copyright © 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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