| Autor: |
Pathinayake PS; School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle and Immune Health Program Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia., Awatade NT; School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle and Immune Health Program Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia., Wark PAB; School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle and Immune Health Program Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia.; Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, John Hunter Hospital, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia. |
| Jazyk: |
angličtina |
| Zdroj: |
Viruses [Viruses] 2023 Jan 31; Vol. 15 (2). Date of Electronic Publication: 2023 Jan 31. |
| DOI: |
10.3390/v15020402 |
| Abstrakt: |
Type 2 immune responses are characterized by elevated type 2 cytokines and blood eosinophilia. Emerging evidence suggests that people with chronic type 2 inflammatory lung diseases are not particularly susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Intriguingly, recent in vitro, ex vivo research demonstrates type 2 cytokines, particularly IL-13, reduce the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection in the airway epithelium. IL-13 treatment in airway epithelial cells followed by SARS-CoV-2 diminished viral entry, replication, spread, and cell death. IL-13 reduces the expression of the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor in the airway epithelium and transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSS2), particularly in ciliated cells. It also alters the cellular composition toward a secretory-cell-rich phenotype reducing total ciliated cells and, thus, reducing viral tropism. IL-13 enhances Muc5ac mucin and glycocalyx secretion in the periciliary layer, which acts as a physical barrier to restrict virus attachment. Moreover, type 2 airway immune cells, such as M2 alveolar macrophages, CD4+ tissue-resident memory T cells, and innate lymphoid 2 cells, may also rescue type 2 airways from SARS-CoV-2-induced adverse effects. In this review, we discuss recent findings that demonstrate how type 2 immunity alters immune responses against SARS-CoV-2 and its consequences on COVID-19 pathogenesis. |
| Databáze: |
MEDLINE |
| Externí odkaz: |
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