Reclaimed and Up-Cycled Cathodes for Lithium-Ion Batteries.

Autor: Gastol D; School of Metallurgy and Materials University of Birmingham Birmingham B15 2TT UK., Marshall J; WMG University of Warwick Coventry CV4 7AL UK., Cooper E; ICoNiChem Widnes Ltd Moss Bank Road Widnes Cheshire WA8 0RU UK., Mitchell C; TFP Hydrogen Products Units 5 & 6 Merchants Quay Pennygillam Industrial Estate Launceston Cornwall PL15 7QA UK., Burnett D; School of Metallurgy and Materials University of Birmingham Birmingham B15 2TT UK., Song T; School of Metallurgy and Materials University of Birmingham Birmingham B15 2TT UK., Sommerville R; School of Metallurgy and Materials University of Birmingham Birmingham B15 2TT UK., Middleton B; WMG University of Warwick Coventry CV4 7AL UK., Crozier M; MSolv Oxonian Park Langford Locks Kidlington Oxford OX5 1FP UK., Smith R; MSolv Oxonian Park Langford Locks Kidlington Oxford OX5 1FP UK., Haig S; RSBruce Metals and Machinery Ltd March Street, Sheffield South Yorkshire S9 5DQ UK., McElroy CR; Green Chemistry Centre of Excellence Department of Chemistry University of York Heslington York YO10 5DD UK., van Dijk N; TFP Hydrogen Products Units 5 & 6 Merchants Quay Pennygillam Industrial Estate Launceston Cornwall PL15 7QA UK., Croft P; ICoNiChem Widnes Ltd Moss Bank Road Widnes Cheshire WA8 0RU UK., Goodship V; WMG University of Warwick Coventry CV4 7AL UK., Kendrick E; School of Metallurgy and Materials University of Birmingham Birmingham B15 2TT UK.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Global challenges (Hoboken, NJ) [Glob Chall] 2022 Jun 09; Vol. 6 (12), pp. 2200046. Date of Electronic Publication: 2022 Jun 09 (Print Publication: 2022).
DOI: 10.1002/gch2.202200046
Abstrakt: As electric vehicles become more widely used, there is a higher demand for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) and hence a greater incentive to find better ways to recycle these at their end-of-life (EOL). This work focuses on the process of reclamation and re-use of cathode material from LIBs. Black mass containing mixed LiMn 2 O 4 and Ni 0.8 Co 0.15 Al 0.05 O 2 from a Nissan Leaf pouch cell are recovered via two different recycling routes, shredding or disassembly. The waste material stream purity is compared for both processes, less aluminium and copper impurities are present in the disassembled waste stream. The reclaimed black mass is further treated to reclaim the transition metals in a salt solution, Ni, Mn, Co ratios are adjusted in order to synthesize an upcycled cathode, LiNi 0.6 Mn 0.2 Co 0.2 O 2 via a co-precipitation method. The two reclamation processes (disassembly and shredding) are evaluated based on the purity of the reclaimed material, the performance of the remanufactured cell, and the energy required for the complete process. The electrochemical performance of recycled material is comparable to that of as-manufactured cathode material, indicating no detrimental effect of purified recycled transition metal content. This research represents an important step toward scalable approaches to the recycling of EOL cathode material in LIBs.
Competing Interests: The following people are employees of the following companies: C.M., N.vD; TFP hydrogen products who synthesized the NMC 622 cathode, S.H., RSBruce, who developed the shredding and sorting process, P.C., E.C.; ICoNiChem, who reclaimed the transition metal salts, M.C. and R.S. MSolv, who performed the LCA and TE analysis, and provided the laser opening device.
(© 2022 The Authors. Global Challenges published by Wiley‐VCH GmbH.)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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