| Autor: |
Bowen CM; Department of Surgery, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX 77555, USA.; John Sealy School of Medicine, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX 77555, USA., Ditmars FS; Department of Surgery, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX 77555, USA.; John Sealy School of Medicine, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX 77555, USA., Gupta A; Future Biologics, Lawrenceville, GA 30043, USA.; BioIntegrate, Lawrenceville, GA 30043, USA.; South Texas Orthopaedic Research Institute (STORI Inc.), Laredo, TX 78045, USA.; Regenerative Orthopaedics, Noida 201301, UP, India., Reems JA; Merakris Therapeutics, RTP Frontier 800 Park Offices Dr. Suite 3322, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA.; Department of Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA., Fagg WS; Department of Surgery, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX 77555, USA.; Regenerative Orthopaedics, Noida 201301, UP, India.; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX 77555, USA. |
| Abstrakt: |
Amniotic fluid (AF) provides critical biological and physical support for the developing fetus. While AF is an excellent source of progenitor cells with regenerative properties, recent investigations indicate that cell-free AF (cfAF), which consists of its soluble components and extracellular vesicles, can also stimulate regenerative and reparative activities. This review summarizes published fundamental, translational, and clinical investigations into the biological activity and potential use of cfAF as a therapeutic agent. Recurring themes emerge from these studies, which indicate that cfAF can confer immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, and pro-growth characteristics to the target cells/tissue with which they come into contact. Another common observation is that cfAF seems to promote a return of cells/tissue to a homeostatic resting state when applied to a model of cell stress or disease. The precise mechanisms through which these effects are mediated have not been entirely defined, but it is clear that cfAF can safely and effectively treat cutaneous wounds and perhaps orthopedic degenerative conditions. Additional applications are currently being investigated, but require further study to dissect the fundamental mechanisms through which its regenerative effects are mediated. By doing so, rational design can be used to fully unlock its potential in the biotechnology lab and in the clinic. |
