A nationwide cross-sectional review of in-hospital hepatitis B virus testing and disease burden estimation in Ghana, 2016 - 2021.

Autor: Nartey YA; Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden. ayerki.nartey@gmail.com.; Department of Internal Medicine, Cape Coast Teaching Hospital, Cape Coast, Ghana. ayerki.nartey@gmail.com., Okine R; World Health Organisation, Country Office, Accra, Ghana., Seake-Kwawu A; National Viral Hepatitis Control Program, Ghana Health Service, Accra, Ghana., Ghartey G; Ghana Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Programme, School of Public Health, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana., Asamoah YK; Ghana Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Programme, School of Public Health, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana., Senya K; World Health Organisation, Country Office, Accra, Ghana., Duah A; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Ghana Medical Centre, Accra, Ghana., Owusu-Ofori A; Clinical Microbiology Unit, Komfo-Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kumasi, Ghana., Amugsi J; Internal Medicine and Out-patient Department, Sandema District Hospital, Sandema, Ghana., Suglo D; Drive for Health Foundation Ghana, Tamale, Ghana., Bampoh SA; Department of Internal Medicine, Greater Accra Regional Hospital, Accra, Ghana., Hiebert L; Coalition for Global Hepatitis Elimination, Task Force for Global Health, Decatur, GA, USA., Njuguna H; Coalition for Global Hepatitis Elimination, Task Force for Global Health, Decatur, GA, USA., Ward JW; Coalition for Global Hepatitis Elimination, Task Force for Global Health, Decatur, GA, USA., Plymoth A; Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden., Roberts LR; Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic Rochester, Rochester, MN, USA., Bockarie AS; Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana., Awuku YA; Department of Medicine, University of Health and Allied Science, Ho, Ghana., Obiri-Yeboah D; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: BMC public health [BMC Public Health] 2022 Nov 23; Vol. 22 (1), pp. 2149. Date of Electronic Publication: 2022 Nov 23.
DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-14618-3
Abstrakt: Background and Aims: Data are needed to inform hepatitis B virus (HBV) testing and treatment policies in Ghana to make progress towards achieving the 2030 WHO elimination targets. This study investigated testing patterns for HBV and described the age, sex, and region-specific prevalence of HBV infection in Ghana using hospital data.
Methods: A nationwide multi-centre cross-sectional study was performed where hospital-based registers were reviewed. These included review of 139,966 laboratory, 169,048 blood bank, and 83,920 delivery register entries from 22 healthcare institutions in Ghana. Frequencies and proportions, and crude and pooled estimates reported. Chi squared test was used for tests of independence. Logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with a positive test result.
Results: The crude HBsAg seroprevalence was 8.48% (95%CI 8.25-8.57%) with pooled estimate of 11.40% (95%CI 10.44-12.35). HBsAg seroprevalence among children under 5 years was 1.87% (95%CI 1.07-3.27) and highest age-specific seroprevalence was in those 40-49 years. The highest region-specific seroprevalences was in the Savannah (22.7%). Predictors of a positive HBsAg RDT test included female sex (OR 0.81 95% CI 0.74-0.88), and age (OR 1.005 95%CI 1.002-1.007). The proportion of parturient women receiving HBsAg testing increased between 2017 (87.2%) and 2020 (94.3%) (p < 0.001). The crude HBsAg seroprevalence in parturient women was 6.14% (95% CI 5.97-6.31). Among blood donors the crude HBsAg seroprevalence was 5.69% (95%CI 5.58-5.80). Data from 2 teaching hospitals indicated that in 2020, although 1500 HBsAg positive tests were recorded only 746 serological profile and 804 HBV DNA tests were performed. HBV e antigen seroprevalence was 6.28% (95%CI 4.73-7.84).
Conclusion and Recommendations: Ghana remains a country with high HBV burden. There is an unequal distribution, with higher HBsAg seroprevalence in the north of the country. Furthermore, PCR testing is not widely available outside of large teaching hospitals, which limits diagnostic work-up. Hepatitis reporting systems and registers should be improved to facilitate data capture of indicators and standardised across the country to allow for comparability. Furthermore, where gains have been made in testing among pregnant women, there is a need for linkage to appropriate care.
(© 2022. The Author(s).)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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