[Mycotoxins contamination of cocoa products and carob marketed in the Russian Federation].

Autor:	Sedova IB; Federal Research Centre of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, 109240, Moscow, Russian Federation., Kiseleva MG; Federal Research Centre of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, 109240, Moscow, Russian Federation., Chalyy ZA; Federal Research Centre of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, 109240, Moscow, Russian Federation., Efimochkina NR; Federal Research Centre of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, 109240, Moscow, Russian Federation., Tutelyan VA; Federal Research Centre of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, 109240, Moscow, Russian Federation.; I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), 119991, Moscow, Russian Federation.
Jazyk:	ruština
Zdroj:	Voprosy pitaniia [Vopr Pitan] 2022; Vol. 91 (5), pp. 65-77. Date of Electronic Publication: 2022 Aug 30.
DOI:	10.33029/0042-8833-2022-91-5-65-77
Abstrakt:	Cocoa is a daily basic food for many people all over the world. Also, people engaged in healthy lifestyle often prefer carob. The aim of the present study was to evaluate occurrence of Aspergillus, Penicillium, Fusarium and Alternaria secondary metabolites in cocoa and carob available in the Russian Federation and assess mycotoxin's intake with these products. Material and methods . Concentration of 27 mycotoxins in 63 samples of cocoa and carob products was determined by ultra high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass-spectrometric detection (UPLC-MS/MS). The list of mycotoxins included regulated ones (aflatoxins, ochratoxin A, deoxynivalenol, fumonisins, T-2 toxin, zearalenone), their derivatives and structural analogs (A and B trichothecenes), and emergent mycotoxins (alternariol, its monomethyl ether, altenuene, tentoxin, citrinin, sterigmatocistin, cyclopiazonic and mycophenolic acids, enniatins, beauvericin). Results . 29 of 41 cocoa samples were positive for beauvericin, contamination level was from 1.6 to 2184.8 μg/kg. Tentoxin, sterigmatocystin and alternatiol monomethyl ether were detected in 3 samples; their concentration varied in the ranges 0.7-1.2, 1.5-3.3 and 4.0-7.8 μg/kg correspondingly. Carob samples were positive for alternariol (14 of 22 samples, 1.5-43.1 μg/kg); tentoxin (13 samples, 0.5-8.7 μg/kg), mycophenolic acid (6 samples, 6.9-8.2 μg/kg) and for alternatiol monomethyl ether (3 samples, 1.0-1.2 μg/kg). Several samples of cocoa were contaminated with regulated mycotoxins: zearalenone (18 of 41 samples, 2.1-24.6 μg/kg), ochratoxin A (14 samples, 0.75-12.0 μg/kg) and aflatoxin B1 (2 samples, 0.59 and 0.86 μg/ kg). Several carob samples were contaminated with fumonisin B2 (7 of 22 samples, 4.2-5.2 μg/kg), ochratoxin A (5 samples, 0.5-1.4 μg/kg) and aflatoxin B1 (3 samples, 0.15-0.18 μg/kg). The ochratoxin A content in two instant cocoa beverages exceeded its maximum level (5 μg/kg) set for some plant products. Conclusion . To the best of our knowledge, the present study is the first survey devoted to emergent mycotoxin contamination of carob and cocoa alternative products marketed in the Russian Federation. The high occurrence of such mycotoxins as aflatoxins, beauvericin and ochratoxin A in these products indicates a potential health risk and the need for a hygienic assessment of cocoa and carob products' contamination not only with regulated in cocoa products aflatoxin B1, but with other mycotoxin including emergent ones. The risk of dietary intake of aflatoxins, beauvericin and ochratoxin A with cocoa products (especially with instant cocoa beverages) has been revealed for children over 7 years old in organized groups. Competing Interests: The authors declare no overt and potential conflict of interest related to the publication of this article. (Copyright© GEOTAR-Media Publishing Group.)
Databáze:	MEDLINE
Externí odkaz:	Zobrazit plný text záznamu