pH variation in medical implant biofilms: Causes, measurements, and its implications for antibiotic resistance.

Autor:	Behbahani SB; Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, United States., Kiridena SD; Department of Chemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, United States., Wijayaratna UN; Department of Chemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, United States., Taylor C; Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, United States., Anker JN; Department of Chemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, United States., Tzeng TJ; Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, United States.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	Frontiers in microbiology [Front Microbiol] 2022 Oct 31; Vol. 13, pp. 1028560. Date of Electronic Publication: 2022 Oct 31 (Print Publication: 2022).
DOI:	10.3389/fmicb.2022.1028560
Abstrakt:	The advent of implanted medical devices has greatly improved the quality of life and increased longevity. However, infection remains a significant risk because bacteria can colonize device surfaces and form biofilms that are resistant to antibiotics and the host's immune system. Several factors contribute to this resistance, including heterogeneous biochemical and pH microenvironments that can affect bacterial growth and interfere with antibiotic biochemistry; dormant regions in the biofilm with low oxygen, pH, and metabolites; slow bacterial growth and division; and poor antibody penetration through the biofilm, which may also be regions with poor acid product clearance. Measuring pH in biofilms is thus key to understanding their biochemistry and offers potential routes to detect and treat latent infections. This review covers the causes of biofilm pH changes and simulations, general findings of metabolite-dependent pH gradients, methods for measuring pH in biofilms, effects of pH on biofilms, and pH-targeted antimicrobial-based approaches. Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. (Copyright © 2022 Behbahani, Kiridena, Wijayaratna, Taylor, Anker and Tzeng.)
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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