Sex-specific and hormone-related differences in vascular remodelling in atherosclerosis.

Autor: Yerly A; Division of Angiology, Swiss Cardiovascular Center, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.; Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.; Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland., van der Vorst EPC; Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich (LMU), Munich, Germany.; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany.; Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR) and Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research (IZKF), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany., Baumgartner I; Division of Angiology, Swiss Cardiovascular Center, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.; Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland., Bernhard SM; Division of Angiology, Swiss Cardiovascular Center, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.; Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland., Schindewolf M; Division of Angiology, Swiss Cardiovascular Center, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.; Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland., Döring Y; Division of Angiology, Swiss Cardiovascular Center, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.; Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.; Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich (LMU), Munich, Germany.; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: European journal of clinical investigation [Eur J Clin Invest] 2023 Jan; Vol. 53 (1), pp. e13885. Date of Electronic Publication: 2022 Oct 22.
DOI: 10.1111/eci.13885
Abstrakt: Atherosclerosis, a lipid-driven inflammatory disease, is the main underlying cause of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) both in men and women. Sex-related dimorphisms regarding CVDs and atherosclerosis were observed since more than a decade ago. Inflammatory mediators such as cytokines, but also endothelial dysfunction, vascular smooth muscle cell migration and proliferation lead to vascular remodelling but are differentially affected by sex. Each year a greater number of men die of CVDs compared with women and are also affected by CVDs at an earlier age (40-70 years old) while women develop atherosclerosis-related complications mainly after menopause (60+ years). The exact biological reasons behind this discrepancy are still not well-understood. From the numerous animal studies on atherosclerosis, only a few include both sexes and even less investigate and highlight the sex-specific differences that may arise. Endogenous sex hormones such as testosterone and oestrogen modulate the atherosclerotic plaque composition and the frequency of such plaques. In men, testosterone seems to act like a double-edged sword as its decrease with ageing correlates with an increased risk of atherosclerotic CVDs, while testosterone is also reported to promote inflammatory immune cell recruitment into the atherosclerotic plaque. In premenopausal women, oestrogen exerts anti-atherosclerotic effects, which decline together with its level after menopause resulting in increased CVD risk in ageing women. However, the interplay of sex hormones, sex-specific immune responses and other sex-related factors is still incompletely understood. This review highlights reported sex differences in atherosclerotic vascular remodelling and the role of endogenous sex hormones in this process.
(© 2022 The Authors. European Journal of Clinical Investigation published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Stichting European Society for Clinical Investigation Journal Foundation.)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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