Detection of bisphenols in Indian surface water, tap water, and packaged drinking water using dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction: exposure assessment for health risk.

Autor: Karsauliya K; Toxicokinetics Laboratory/Analytical Chemistry Laboratory, Regulatory Toxicology Group, CSIR - Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Lucknow, 226001, India., Bhateria M; Toxicokinetics Laboratory/Analytical Chemistry Laboratory, Regulatory Toxicology Group, CSIR - Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Lucknow, 226001, India., Sonker AK; Toxicokinetics Laboratory/Analytical Chemistry Laboratory, Regulatory Toxicology Group, CSIR - Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Lucknow, 226001, India.; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India., Yahavi C; Toxicokinetics Laboratory/Analytical Chemistry Laboratory, Regulatory Toxicology Group, CSIR - Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Lucknow, 226001, India.; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India., Gautam SS; Toxicokinetics Laboratory/Analytical Chemistry Laboratory, Regulatory Toxicology Group, CSIR - Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Lucknow, 226001, India.; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India.; Biocon - Bristol-Myers Squibb Research Centre, Syngene International Ltd., Bangalore, India., Karsauliya S; Water and Power Consultancy Services, Gurugram, India., Singh SP; Toxicokinetics Laboratory/Analytical Chemistry Laboratory, Regulatory Toxicology Group, CSIR - Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Lucknow, 226001, India. sheelendra@iitr.res.in.; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India. sheelendra@iitr.res.in.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Environmental science and pollution research international [Environ Sci Pollut Res Int] 2023 Feb; Vol. 30 (7), pp. 17776-17790. Date of Electronic Publication: 2022 Oct 06.
DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-23293-1
Abstrakt: The prevalence of bisphenols (BPs) has been well documented in the aquatic environment of many countries, but such studies from India are quite limited. The present work aimed to determine the occurrence of BPs in surface water (n = 96), tap water (n = 172), and packaged drinking water (n = 42) and estimate their exposure to humans. For this, a simple, sensitive, cost-effective, and green analytical chemistry method based on dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) was employed. Bisphenol A (BPA) was found as the most prevalent bisphenol (mean concentration range = 980-6470 ng/L) in all the water samples, with a % detection frequency of 17-39%. Bisphenol S (BPS) and bisphenol Z (BPZ) were also detected in all types of water samples. The mean estimated daily intake (EDI) for total BPs (tap water and packaged drinking water) was found to be 474.37 ng/kg b.w./day in adults and 665.65 ng/kg b.w./day in children, respectively. This indicated that the total exposure to all the detected BPs obtained for adults and children was lower than the temporary tolerable daily intake (t-TDI) recommended by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) (4 μg/kg b.w./day), thereby posing no substantial risks to humans from consuming water from the tap and/or packaged drinking water.
(© 2022. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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