Cytokines as an important player in the context of CAR-T cell therapy for cancer: Their role in tumor immunomodulation, manufacture, and clinical implications.

Autor:	Silveira CRF; Advanced Cellular Therapy Laboratory, Fundação Hemocentro de Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil., Corveloni AC; Advanced Cellular Therapy Laboratory, Fundação Hemocentro de Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil., Caruso SR; Cell Therapy Laboratory, Fundação Hemocentro de Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil., Macêdo NA; Advanced Cellular Therapy Laboratory, Fundação Hemocentro de Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil., Brussolo NM; Advanced Cellular Therapy Laboratory, Fundação Hemocentro de Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil., Haddad F; Advanced Cellular Therapy Laboratory, Fundação Hemocentro de Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil., Fernandes TR; Cell Therapy Laboratory, Fundação Hemocentro de Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil., de Andrade PV; Advanced Cellular Therapy Laboratory, Fundação Hemocentro de Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil., Orellana MD; Cell Therapy Laboratory, Fundação Hemocentro de Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil., Guerino-Cunha RL; Advanced Cellular Therapy Laboratory, Fundação Hemocentro de Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.; Department of Medical Images, Hematology and Clinical Oncology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School of University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	Frontiers in immunology [Front Immunol] 2022 Sep 12; Vol. 13, pp. 947648. Date of Electronic Publication: 2022 Sep 12 (Print Publication: 2022).
DOI:	10.3389/fimmu.2022.947648
Abstrakt:	CAR-T cell therapies have been recognized as one of the most advanced and efficient strategies to treat patients with hematologic malignancies. However, similar results have not been observed for the treatment of solid tumors. One of the explanations is the fact that tumors have extremely hostile microenvironments for the infiltration and effector activity of T-cells, mainly due to the presence of highly suppressive cytokines, hypoxia, and reactive oxygen species. Taking advantage of cytokines functionally, new fourth-generation CAR constructs have been developed to target tumor cells and additionally release cytokines that can contribute to the cytotoxicity of T-cells. The manufacturing process, including the use of cytokines in the expansion and differentiation of T cells, is also discussed. Finally, the clinical aspects and the influence of cytokines on the clinical condition of patients, such as cytokine release syndrome, who receive treatment with CAR-T cells are addressed. Therefore, this review aims to highlight how important cytokines are as one of the major players of cell therapy. Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. (Copyright © 2022 Silveira, Corveloni, Caruso, Macêdo, Brussolo, Haddad, Fernandes, de Andrade, Orellana and Guerino-Cunha.)
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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