Duration of immunity following full vaccination against SARS-CoV-2: a systematic review.

Autor: Addo IY; Centre for Social Research in Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2052, Australia. i.addo@unsw.edu.au., Dadzie FA; Centre for Ecosystem Science, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2052, Australia.; Evolution and Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia., Okeke SR; Centre for Social Research in Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2052, Australia., Boadi C; Department of Operations and Management Information Systems, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana., Boadu EF; School of Built Environment, University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2052, Australia.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Archives of public health = Archives belges de sante publique [Arch Public Health] 2022 Sep 02; Vol. 80 (1), pp. 200. Date of Electronic Publication: 2022 Sep 02.
DOI: 10.1186/s13690-022-00935-x
Abstrakt: Background: As vaccine roll-out continues across the globe as part of the efforts to protect humanity against SARS-CoV-2, concerns are increasingly shifting to the duration of vaccine-induced immunity. Responses to these concerns are critical in determining if, when, and who will need booster doses following full vaccination against SARS-CoV-2. However, synthesised studies about the durability of vaccine-induced immunity against SARS-CoV-2 are scarce. This systematic review synthesised available global evidence on the duration of immunity following full vaccination against SARS-CoV-2.
Methods: We searched through Psych Info, Web of Science, Scopus, Google Scholar, PubMed, and WHO COVID-19 databases for relevant studies published before December 2021. Five eligibility criteria were used in scrutinising studies for inclusion. The quality of the included studies was assessed based on Joana Briggs Institute's (JBI) Critical Appraisal tool and Cochrane's Risk of Bias tool-version 2 (RoB 2), while the reporting of the results was guided by the Synthesis Without Meta-analysis (SWiM) guidelines.
Results: Twenty-seven out of the 666 identified studies met the inclusion criteria. The findings showed that vaccine-induced protection against SARS-CoV-2 infections builds rapidly after the first dose of vaccines and peaks within 4 to 42 days after the second dose, before waning begins in subsequent months, typically from 3 to 24 weeks. Vaccine-induced antibody response levels varied across different demographic and population characteristics and were higher in people who reported no underlying health conditions compared to those with immunosuppressed conditions.
Conclusions: Waning of immunity against SARS-CoV-2 begins as early as the first month after full vaccination and this decline continues till the sixth month when the level of immunity may not be able to provide adequate protection against SARS-CoV-2. While the evidence synthesised in this review could effectively inform and shape vaccine policies regarding the administration of booster doses, more evidence, especially clinical trials, are still needed to ascertain, with greater precision, the exact duration of immunity offered by different vaccine types, across diverse population characteristics, and in different vulnerability parameters.
Registration: The protocol for this review was pre-registered with the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews [PROSPERO] (Registration ID: CRD420212818).
(© 2022. The Author(s).)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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