Clinical Implications of Herbal Supplements in Conventional Medical Practice: A US Perspective.

Autor:	Hassen G; Internal Medicine, University of Maryland Capital Region Medical Center, Largo, USA.; Medicine, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, ETH.; Progressive Care, Mercy Medical Center, Baltimore, USA.; Medicine and Surgery, Parma University, Parma, ITA., Belete G; Internal Medicine, Saint Agnes Hospital, Baltimore, USA., Carrera KG; Gastroenterology, Universidad de Oriente (VEN), Maturin, VEN., Iriowen RO; Public Health, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, USA., Araya H; General Practice, Jimma University, Jimma, ETH., Alemu T; Medicine, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, ETH., Solomon N; Medicine, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, ETH., Bam DS; Internal Medicine, Dirgh Jeevan Health Care and Research Center, Kathmandu, NPL., Nicola SM; Rheumatology, Howard University Hospital, Washington, DC, USA.; Internal Medicine, Jimma University, Jimma, ETH., Araya ME; Internal Medicine, Northside Gwinnett Hospital, Lawrenceville, USA., Debele T; Family Medicine, Midwestern University Arizona College of Osteopathic Medicine, Kingman, USA., Zouetr M; Family Medicine, American Institute of Antigua College of Medicine, St. John's, ATG., Jain N; Medicine and Surgery, Himalayan Institute of Medical Sciences, Dehradun, IND.; Hematology and Oncology, Brooklyn Cancer Care, Brooklyn, USA.; Internal Medicine, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, IND.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	Cureus [Cureus] 2022 Jul 15; Vol. 14 (7), pp. e26893. Date of Electronic Publication: 2022 Jul 15 (Print Publication: 2022).
DOI:	10.7759/cureus.26893
Abstrakt:	Herbal supplements are common complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) approaches with an ever-increasing use trend in the last two decades among the US population. Self-medication with herbal supplements which are promoted for general well-being, weight loss, immunity, and memory boost, and mental and physical health claims are very prevalent. There is a misperception that herbal supplements are harmless as they are prepared from natural sources. Unlike conventional drugs, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) does not regulate herbal supplements for premarketing purity and potency. Hence, there is a growing concern for health risks due to misbranded toxic ingredients, contaminants, adulterants, and herb-drug interactions (HDI) with co-administered drugs. The spectrum of pharmacological and toxicological effects of herbal supplements includes deranged lab results, allergic reactions, genotoxicity, carcinogenicity, teratogenicity, organ damage, and even fatality contributing to sizable emergency visits and hospitalizations in the US. The use of herbal supplements should be carefully monitored in high-risk groups such as pediatric and geriatric populations, pregnant women, breastfeeding mothers, immunocompromised patients, and surgical candidates. The deleterious health effects of herbal supplements are loosely addressed in conventional medical practice in part due to the limited knowledge of practitioners. This comprehensive narrative review aims to explore the clinical implications of herbal supplements in order to fill the knowledge gaps by summarizing scientific publications. It also highlights the pivotal roles physicians can play in minimizing the health risks of herbal supplements by encouraging patients to disclose usage through a non-judgmental approach, employing HDI screening tools, and reporting adverse reactions to FDA. Formal training of physicians, a standardized pharmacovigilance system, stricter regulation of the herbal industry, and more scientific studies are keys to establishing herbal safety and efficacy in clinical practice. Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. (Copyright © 2022, Hassen et al.)
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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