| Autor: |
Nikam RM; Department of Radiology, Nemours Children's Hospital, Delaware, Wilmington, DE 19803, USA.; Nemours Diagnostic & Research PET/MR Center, Nemours Children's Hospital, Delaware, Wilmington, DE 19803, USA., Yue X; Department of Radiology, Nemours Children's Hospital, Delaware, Wilmington, DE 19803, USA.; Nemours Diagnostic & Research PET/MR Center, Nemours Children's Hospital, Delaware, Wilmington, DE 19803, USA., Kaur G; Department of Neurology, Nemours Children's Hospital, Delaware, Wilmington, DE 19803, USA., Kandula V; Department of Radiology, Nemours Children's Hospital, Delaware, Wilmington, DE 19803, USA., Khair A; Department of Radiology, Nemours Children's Hospital, Delaware, Wilmington, DE 19803, USA., Kecskemethy HH; Department of Radiology, Nemours Children's Hospital, Delaware, Wilmington, DE 19803, USA., Averill LW; Department of Radiology, Nemours Children's Hospital, Delaware, Wilmington, DE 19803, USA., Langhans SA; Nemours Diagnostic & Research PET/MR Center, Nemours Children's Hospital, Delaware, Wilmington, DE 19803, USA.; Nemours Biomedical Research, Nemours Children's Hospital, Delaware, Wilmington, DE 19803, USA. |
| Abstrakt: |
Central nervous system tumors are the most common pediatric solid tumors; they are also the most lethal. Unlike adults, childhood brain tumors are mostly primary in origin and differ in type, location and molecular signature. Tumor characteristics (incidence, location, and type) vary with age. Children present with a variety of symptoms, making early accurate diagnosis challenging. Neuroimaging is key in the initial diagnosis and monitoring of pediatric brain tumors. Conventional anatomic imaging approaches (computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)) are useful for tumor detection but have limited utility differentiating tumor types and grades. Advanced MRI techniques (diffusion-weighed imaging, diffusion tensor imaging, functional MRI, arterial spin labeling perfusion imaging, MR spectroscopy, and MR elastography) provide additional and improved structural and functional information. Combined with positron emission tomography (PET) and single-photon emission CT (SPECT), advanced techniques provide functional information on tumor metabolism and physiology through the use of radiotracer probes. Radiomics and radiogenomics offer promising insight into the prediction of tumor subtype, post-treatment response to treatment, and prognostication. In this paper, a brief review of pediatric brain cancers, by type, is provided with a comprehensive description of advanced imaging techniques including clinical applications that are currently utilized for the assessment and evaluation of pediatric brain tumors. |
