DNA base editing in nuclear and organellar genomes.

Autor: Tan J; State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Innovation Center for Genome Editing and Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China., Forner J; Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Am Mühlenberg 1, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany., Karcher D; Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Am Mühlenberg 1, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany., Bock R; Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Am Mühlenberg 1, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany. Electronic address: rbock@mpimp-golm.mpg.de.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Trends in genetics : TIG [Trends Genet] 2022 Nov; Vol. 38 (11), pp. 1147-1169. Date of Electronic Publication: 2022 Jul 16.
DOI: 10.1016/j.tig.2022.06.015
Abstrakt: Genome editing continues to revolutionize biological research. Due to its simplicity and flexibility, CRISPR/Cas-based editing has become the preferred technology in most systems. Cas nucleases tolerate fusion to large protein domains, thus allowing combination of their DNA recognition properties with new enzymatic activities. Fusion to nucleoside deaminase or reverse transcriptase domains has produced base editors and prime editors that, instead of generating double-strand breaks in the target sequence, induce site-specific alterations of single (or a few adjacent) nucleotides. The availability of protein-only genome editing reagents based on transcription activator-like effectors has enabled the extension of base editing to the genomes of chloroplasts and mitochondria. In this review, we summarize currently available base editing methods for nuclear and organellar genomes. We highlight recent advances with improving precision, specificity, and efficiency and discuss current limitations and future challenges. We also provide a brief overview of applications in agricultural biotechnology and gene therapy.
Competing Interests: Declaration of interests Three of the authors (R.B., J.T., and D.K.) are inventors on a provisional patent application on high-precision base editors.
(Copyright © 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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