The global response: How cities and provinces around the globe tackled Covid-19 outbreaks in 2021.

Autor:	Jain N; Faculty of Medicine, Riga Stradins University, 16 Dzirciema iela, Riga LV-1007, Latvia., Hung IC; Online Research Club (https://www.onlineresearchclub.org/), Nagasaki, Japan., Kimura H; Department of Public Health Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan., Goh YL; Alice Lee Centre for Nursing Studies, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore., Jau W; School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan., Huynh KLA; Department of Biostatistics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Virginia 23224, USA., Panag DS; Faculty of Medicine, Riga Stradins University, 16 Dzirciema iela, Riga LV-1007, Latvia., Tiwari R; B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan 56700, Nepal., Prasad S; National Pirogov Memorial Medical University, Vinnytsya, Ukraine., Manirambona E; College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Rwanda, Kigali, Rwanda., Vasanthakumaran T; Global Scholars Clinical Research Training Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA., Amanda TW; Alice Lee Centre for Nursing Studies, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore., Lin HW; School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan., Vig N; Faculty of Dentistry, National Dental College and Hospital, Dera Bassi, Mohali, Punjab, India., An NT; College of Medicine and Pharmacy, Duy Tan University, Da Nang City, Vietnam., Uwiringiyimana E; College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Rwanda, Kigali, Rwanda., Popkova D; Faculty of Medicine, Riga Stradins University, 16 Dzirciema iela, Riga LV-1007, Latvia., Lin TH; School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan., Nguyen MA; Hanoi Medical University/Hanoi University of Public Health, Vietnam., Jain S; Genesis Institute of Dental Sciences and Research, Firozpur, Punjab, India., Umar TP; Faculty of Medicine, Sriwijaya University, Palembang, Indonesia., Suleman MH; Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa., Efendi E; Faculty of Medicine, Riga Stradins University, 16 Dzirciema iela, Riga LV-1007, Latvia., Kuo CY; School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan., Bansal SPS; Faculty of Dentistry, National Dental College and Hospital, Dera Bassi, Mohali, Punjab, India., Kauškale S; Faculty of Medicine, Riga Stradins University, 16 Dzirciema iela, Riga LV-1007, Latvia., Peng HH; School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan., Bains M; Faculty of Dentistry, National Dental College and Hospital, Dera Bassi, Mohali, Punjab, India., Rozevska M; Faculty of Medicine, Riga Stradins University, 16 Dzirciema iela, Riga LV-1007, Latvia., Tran TH; University of Medicine and Pharmacy Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam., Tsai MS; School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan., Pahulpreet; Faculty of Dentistry, National Dental College and Hospital, Dera Bassi, Mohali, Punjab, India., Jiraboonsri S; Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand., Tai RZ; School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan., Khan ZA; Shadan Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, India., Huy DT; International University of Health and Welfare, Chiba, Japan., Kositbovornchai S; Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand., Chiu CW; School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan., Nguyen THH; College of Medicine and Pharmacy, Duy Tan University, Da Nang City, Vietnam., Chen HY; School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan., Khongyot T; School of Pharmacy, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand., Chen KY; School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan., Quyen DTK; University of Medicine and Pharmacy Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam., Lam J; Faculty of Arts and Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada., Dila KAS; Giri Emas Hospital, Singaraja City, 81171 Buleleng, Bali, Indonesia., Cu NT; University of Medicine and Pharmacy Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam., Thi MTH; School of Medicine and Pharmacy, The University of Da Nang, Da Nang City 50000, Vietnam., Dung LA; College of Medicine and Pharmacy, Duy Tan University, Da Nang City, Vietnam., Thi KON; Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hue City, Vietnam., Thi HAN; Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hue City, Vietnam., Trieu MDT; University of Medicine and Pharmacy Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam., Thi YC; Faculty of Medicine, Tay Nguyen University, Buon Ma Thuot City, Vietnam., Pham TT; Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hue City, Vietnam., Ariyoshi K; School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University, Japan.; Department of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan., Smith C; School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University, Japan.; Department of Clinical Research, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London, United Kingdom., Huy NT; Online Research Club (https://www.onlineresearchclub.org/), Nagasaki, Japan.; School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University, Japan.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	The Lancet regional health. Southeast Asia [Lancet Reg Health Southeast Asia] 2022 Sep; Vol. 4, pp. 100031. Date of Electronic Publication: 2022 Jun 22.
DOI:	10.1016/j.lansea.2022.100031
Abstrakt:	Background: Tackling the spread of COVID-19 remains a crucial part of ending the pandemic. Its highly contagious nature and constant evolution coupled with a relative lack of immunity make the virus difficult to control. For this, various strategies have been proposed and adopted including limiting contact, social isolation, vaccination, contact tracing, etc. However, given the heterogeneity in the enforcement of these strategies and constant fluctuations in the strictness levels of these strategies, it becomes challenging to assess the true impact of these strategies in controlling the spread of COVID-19. Methods: In the present study, we evaluated various transmission control measures that were imposed in 10 global urban cities and provinces in 2021- Bangkok, Gauteng, Ho Chi Minh City, Jakarta, London, Manila City, New Delhi, New York City, Singapore, and Tokyo. Findings: Based on our analysis, we herein propose the population-level Swiss cheese model for the failures and pitfalls in various strategies that each of these cities and provinces had. Furthermore, whilst all the evaluated cities and provinces took a different personalized approach to managing the pandemic, what remained common was dynamic enforcement and monitoring of breaches of each barrier of protection. The measures taken to reinforce the barriers were adjusted continuously based on the evolving epidemiological situation. Interpretation: How an individual city or province handled the pandemic profoundly affected and determined how the entire country handled the pandemic since the chain of transmission needs to be broken at the very grassroot level to achieve nationwide control. Funding: The present study did not receive any external funding. Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflicts of interests with regards to the present study. Authors did not receive any external funding for the study. (© 2022 The Author(s).)
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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