European aerosol phenomenology - 8: Harmonised source apportionment of organic aerosol using 22 Year-long ACSM/AMS datasets.

Autor:	Chen G; Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland., Canonaco F; Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland; Datalystica Ltd., Park innovAARE, 5234 Villigen, Switzerland., Tobler A; Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland; Datalystica Ltd., Park innovAARE, 5234 Villigen, Switzerland., Aas W; NILU - Norwegian Institute for Air Research, 2007 Kjeller, Norway., Alastuey A; Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA), Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC), Barcelona, 08034, Spain., Allan J; Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; National Centre for Atmospheric Science, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK., Atabakhsh S; Department of Chemistry of the Atmosphere Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research, Permoser Straße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany., Aurela M; Atmospheric Composition Research, Finnish Meteorological Institute, P.O. Box 503, 00101 Helsinki, Finland., Baltensperger U; Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland., Bougiatioti A; Institute for Environmental Research and Sustainable Development, National Observatory of Athens, Palaia Penteli, 15236 Athens, Greece., De Brito JF; IMT Nord Europe, Institut Mines-Télécom, Univ. Lille, Centre for Energy and Environment, 59000 Lille, France., Ceburnis D; School of Physics, Ryan Institute's Centre for Climate and Air Pollution Studies, National University of Ireland Galway, University Road, Galway H91 CF50, Ireland., Chazeau B; Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland; Aix Marseille Univ., CNRS, LCE, Marseille, France; AtmoSud, Regional Network for Air Quality Monitoring of Provence-Alpes-Côte-d'Azur, Marseille, France., Chebaicheb H; IMT Nord Europe, Institut Mines-Télécom, Univ. Lille, Centre for Energy and Environment, 59000 Lille, France; Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques, Parc Technologique ALATA, 60550, Verneuil en Halatte, France., Daellenbach KR; Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland., Ehn M; Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Physics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland., El Haddad I; Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland., Eleftheriadis K; Environmental Radioactivity Laboratory, Institute of Nuclear & Radiological Sciences & Technology, Energy & Safety, N.C.S.R. 'Demokritos', 15310 Athens, Greece., Favez O; Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques, Parc Technologique ALATA, 60550, Verneuil en Halatte, France., Flentje H; Deutscher Wetterdienst, Meteorologisches Observatorium Hohenpeißenberg, 82383 Hohenpeißenberg, Germany., Font A; MRC Centre for Environment and Health, Environmental Research Group, Imperial College London, 86 Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, UK., Fossum K; School of Physics, Ryan Institute's Centre for Climate and Air Pollution Studies, National University of Ireland Galway, University Road, Galway H91 CF50, Ireland., Freney E; Laboratoire de Météorologie Physique, UMR6016, Université Clermont Auvergne-CNRS, Aubière, France., Gini M; Environmental Radioactivity Laboratory, Institute of Nuclear & Radiological Sciences & Technology, Energy & Safety, N.C.S.R. 'Demokritos', 15310 Athens, Greece., Green DC; MRC Centre for Environment and Health, Environmental Research Group, Imperial College London, 86 Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, UK; HPRU in Environmental Exposures and Health, Imperial College London, UK., Heikkinen L; Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Physics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland., Herrmann H; Department of Chemistry of the Atmosphere Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research, Permoser Straße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany., Kalogridis AC; Environmental Radioactivity Laboratory, Institute of Nuclear & Radiological Sciences & Technology, Energy & Safety, N.C.S.R. 'Demokritos', 15310 Athens, Greece., Keernik H; Air Quality and Climate Department, Estonian Environmental Research Centre (EERC), Marja 4D, Tallinn, Estonia; Department of Software Science, Tallinn University of Technology, 19086 Tallinn, Estonia., Lhotka R; Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals of the CAS, Rozvojová 135/1, 16502 Prague, Czech Republic; Institute for Environmental Studies, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Benátská 2, 12801 Prague, Czech Republic., Lin C; School of Physics, Ryan Institute's Centre for Climate and Air Pollution Studies, National University of Ireland Galway, University Road, Galway H91 CF50, Ireland., Lunder C; NILU - Norwegian Institute for Air Research, 2007 Kjeller, Norway., Maasikmets M; Air Quality and Climate Department, Estonian Environmental Research Centre (EERC), Marja 4D, Tallinn, Estonia., Manousakas MI; Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland., Marchand N; Aix Marseille Univ., CNRS, LCE, Marseille, France., Marin C; National Institute of Research and Development for Optoelectronics INOE 2000, 77125 Magurele, Romania; Department of Physics, Politehnica University of Bucharest, Bucharest,Romania., Marmureanu L; National Institute of Research and Development for Optoelectronics INOE 2000, 77125 Magurele, Romania., Mihalopoulos N; Institute for Environmental Research and Sustainable Development, National Observatory of Athens, Palaia Penteli, 15236 Athens, Greece., Močnik G; Condensed Matter Physics Department, J. Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia; Center for Atmospheric Research, University of Nova Gorica, Ajdovščina, Slovenia., Nęcki J; AGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, Department of Applied Nuclear Physics, Kraków, Poland., O'Dowd C; School of Physics, Ryan Institute's Centre for Climate and Air Pollution Studies, National University of Ireland Galway, University Road, Galway H91 CF50, Ireland., Ovadnevaite J; School of Physics, Ryan Institute's Centre for Climate and Air Pollution Studies, National University of Ireland Galway, University Road, Galway H91 CF50, Ireland., Peter T; Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Sciences, ETH Zürich, Zürich, 8092, Switzerland., Petit JE; Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, UMR 8212, CEA/Orme des Merisiers, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France., Pikridas M; Climate & Atmosphere Research Centre (CARE-C), The Cyprus Institute, Nicosia, 2121, Cyprus., Matthew Platt S; NILU - Norwegian Institute for Air Research, 2007 Kjeller, Norway., Pokorná P; Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals of the CAS, Rozvojová 135/1, 16502 Prague, Czech Republic., Poulain L; Department of Chemistry of the Atmosphere Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research, Permoser Straße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany., Priestman M; MRC Centre for Environment and Health, Environmental Research Group, Imperial College London, 86 Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, UK., Riffault V; IMT Nord Europe, Institut Mines-Télécom, Univ. Lille, Centre for Energy and Environment, 59000 Lille, France., Rinaldi M; Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate (ISAC), National Research Council (CNR), 40129 Bologna, Italy., Różański K; AGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, Department of Applied Nuclear Physics, Kraków, Poland., Schwarz J; Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals of the CAS, Rozvojová 135/1, 16502 Prague, Czech Republic., Sciare J; Climate & Atmosphere Research Centre (CARE-C), The Cyprus Institute, Nicosia, 2121, Cyprus., Simon L; Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques, Parc Technologique ALATA, 60550, Verneuil en Halatte, France; Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, UMR 8212, CEA/Orme des Merisiers, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France., Skiba A; AGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, Department of Applied Nuclear Physics, Kraków, Poland., Slowik JG; Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland., Sosedova Y; Datalystica Ltd., Park innovAARE, 5234 Villigen, Switzerland., Stavroulas I; Institute for Environmental Research and Sustainable Development, National Observatory of Athens, Palaia Penteli, 15236 Athens, Greece; Climate & Atmosphere Research Centre (CARE-C), The Cyprus Institute, Nicosia, 2121, Cyprus., Styszko K; AGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Energy and Fuels, Department of Coal Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, Kraków, Poland., Teinemaa E; Air Quality and Climate Department, Estonian Environmental Research Centre (EERC), Marja 4D, Tallinn, Estonia., Timonen H; Atmospheric Composition Research, Finnish Meteorological Institute, P.O. Box 503, 00101 Helsinki, Finland., Tremper A; MRC Centre for Environment and Health, Environmental Research Group, Imperial College London, 86 Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, UK; HPRU in Environmental Exposures and Health, Imperial College London, UK., Vasilescu J; National Institute of Research and Development for Optoelectronics INOE 2000, 77125 Magurele, Romania., Via M; Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA), Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC), Barcelona, 08034, Spain; Department of Applied Physics, University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Spain., Vodička P; Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals of the CAS, Rozvojová 135/1, 16502 Prague, Czech Republic., Wiedensohler A; Department of Chemistry of the Atmosphere Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research, Permoser Straße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany., Zografou O; Environmental Radioactivity Laboratory, Institute of Nuclear & Radiological Sciences & Technology, Energy & Safety, N.C.S.R. 'Demokritos', 15310 Athens, Greece., Cruz Minguillón M; Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA), Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC), Barcelona, 08034, Spain. Electronic address: mariacruz.minguillon@idaea.csic.es., Prévôt ASH; Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland. Electronic address: andre.prevot@psi.ch.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	Environment international [Environ Int] 2022 Aug; Vol. 166, pp. 107325. Date of Electronic Publication: 2022 May 30.
DOI:	10.1016/j.envint.2022.107325
Abstrakt:	Organic aerosol (OA) is a key component of total submicron particulate matter (PM 1 ), and comprehensive knowledge of OA sources across Europe is crucial to mitigate PM 1 levels. Europe has a well-established air quality research infrastructure from which yearlong datasets using 21 aerosol chemical speciation monitors (ACSMs) and 1 aerosol mass spectrometer (AMS) were gathered during 2013-2019. It includes 9 non-urban and 13 urban sites. This study developed a state-of-the-art source apportionment protocol to analyse long-term OA mass spectrum data by applying the most advanced source apportionment strategies (i.e., rolling PMF, ME-2, and bootstrap). This harmonised protocol was followed strictly for all 22 datasets, making the source apportionment results more comparable. In addition, it enables quantification of the most common OA components such as hydrocarbon-like OA (HOA), biomass burning OA (BBOA), cooking-like OA (COA), more oxidised-oxygenated OA (MO-OOA), and less oxidised-oxygenated OA (LO-OOA). Other components such as coal combustion OA (CCOA), solid fuel OA (SFOA: mainly mixture of coal and peat combustion), cigarette smoke OA (CSOA), sea salt (mostly inorganic but part of the OA mass spectrum), coffee OA, and ship industry OA could also be separated at a few specific sites. Oxygenated OA (OOA) components make up most of the submicron OA mass (average = 71.1%, range from 43.7 to 100%). Solid fuel combustion-related OA components (i.e., BBOA, CCOA, and SFOA) are still considerable with in total 16.0% yearly contribution to the OA, yet mainly during winter months (21.4%). Overall, this comprehensive protocol works effectively across all sites governed by different sources and generates robust and consistent source apportionment results. Our work presents a comprehensive overview of OA sources in Europe with a unique combination of high time resolution (30-240 min) and long-term data coverage (9-36 months), providing essential information to improve/validate air quality, health impact, and climate models. Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper. (Copyright © 2022 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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