Regulation of cardiovascular health and disease by visceral adipose tissue-derived metabolic hormones.

Autor: Vasamsetti SB; Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.; Pittsburgh VA Medical Center-University Drive, University Drive C, Pittsburgh, PA, USA., Natarajan N; Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA., Sadaf S; Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.; Pittsburgh VA Medical Center-University Drive, University Drive C, Pittsburgh, PA, USA., Florentin J; Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA., Dutta P; Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.; Pittsburgh VA Medical Center-University Drive, University Drive C, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.; Department of Bioengineering, Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.; Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.; Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: The Journal of physiology [J Physiol] 2023 Jun; Vol. 601 (11), pp. 2099-2120. Date of Electronic Publication: 2022 Jun 24.
DOI: 10.1113/JP282728
Abstrakt: Visceral adipose tissue (VAT) is a metabolic organ known to regulate fat mass, and glucose and nutrient homeostasis. VAT is an active endocrine gland that synthesizes and secretes numerous bioactive mediators called 'adipocytokines/adipokines' into systemic circulation. These adipocytokines act on organs of metabolic importance like the liver and skeletal muscle. Multiple preclinical and in vitro studies showed strong evidence of the roles of adipocytokines in the regulation of metabolic disorders like diabetes, obesity and insulin resistance. Adipocytokines, such as adiponectin and omentin, are anti-inflammatory and have been shown to prevent atherogenesis by increasing nitric oxide (NO) production by the endothelium, suppressing endothelium-derived inflammation and decreasing foam cell formation. By inhibiting differentiation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) into osteoblasts, adiponectin and omentin prevent vascular calcification. On the other hand, adipocytokines like leptin and resistin induce inflammation and endothelial dysfunction that leads to vasoconstriction. By promoting VSMC migration and proliferation, extracellular matrix degradation and inflammatory polarization of macrophages, leptin and resistin increase the risk of atherosclerotic plaque vulnerability and rupture. Additionally, the plasma concentrations of these adipocytokines alter in ageing, rendering older humans vulnerable to cardiovascular disease. The disturbances in the normal physiological concentrations of these adipocytokines secreted by VAT under pathological conditions impede the normal functions of various organs and affect cardiovascular health. These adipokines could be used for both diagnostic and therapeutic purposes in cardiovascular disease.
(© 2022 The Authors. The Journal of Physiology © 2022 The Physiological Society.)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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