Energy and economic efficiency of climate-smart agriculture practices in a rice-wheat cropping system of India.

Autor: Kakraliya SK; CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana, 125004, India.; ICAR-Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, 132001, India., Jat HS; International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), NASC Complex, Pusa, New Delhi, 110012, India. hsjat_agron@yahoo.com.; ICAR-Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, 132001, India. hsjat_agron@yahoo.com., Singh I; CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana, 125004, India., Gora MK; CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana, 125004, India., Kakraliya M; CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana, 125004, India.; ICAR-Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, 132001, India., Bijarniya D; International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), NASC Complex, Pusa, New Delhi, 110012, India., Sharma PC; ICAR-Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, 132001, India., Jat ML; International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), NASC Complex, Pusa, New Delhi, 110012, India. M.jat@cgiar.org.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Scientific reports [Sci Rep] 2022 May 24; Vol. 12 (1), pp. 8731. Date of Electronic Publication: 2022 May 24.
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-12686-4
Abstrakt: Intensive tillage operations, indiscriminate use of irrigation water, chemical fertilizers, and pesticides and crop biomass burning have made the conventional rice-wheat (RW) system highly energy-intensive and inefficient. In the recent past, portfolios of climate-smart agricultural practices (CSAP) have been promoted as a potential alternative to improve the energy efficiency in conventional RW system. Therefore, to evaluate the energy input-output relation, energy flow and economic efficiency in various combinations of crop management options, a 3-year (2014-2017) on-farm study was conducted at Karnal, India. Various portfolio of management practices; Sc1-Business as usual (BAU) or Conventional tillage (CT) without residue, Sc2-CT with residue, Sc3-Reduce tillage (RT) with residue + recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF), Sc4-RT/Zero tillage (ZT) with residue + RDF, Sc5-ZT with residue + RDF + GreenSeeker + Tensiometer, Sc6-Sc5 + Nutrient expert were investigated. Present study results revealed that net energy, energy use efficiency and energy productivity were 11-18, 31-51 and 29-53% higher under CSAP (mean of Sc4, Sc5 and Sc6) in RW system than Sc1, respectively. However, renewable and non-renewable energy inputs were 14 and 33% higher in Sc1 compared to CSAP (4028 and 49,547 MJ ha -1 ), respectively, it showed that BAU practices mostly dependents on non-renewable energy sources whereas CSAP dependents on renewable energy sources. Similarly, the adoption of CSAP improved the biomass yield, net farm income and economic efficiency by 6-9, 18-23 and 42-58%, respectively compared to Sc1. Overall, the adoption of CSAP could be a viable alternative for improving energy use efficiency, farm profitability and eco-efficiency in the RW system.
(© 2022. The Author(s).)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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