| Autor: |
Kosareva EK; N. N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia. n.v.muravyev@ya.ru., Gainutdinov RV; A. V. Shubnikov Institute of Crystallography, Federal Scientific Research Center 'Crystallography and Photonics', Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia., Michalchuk AAL; Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM), Berlin, Germany., Ananyev IV; N.S. Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia., Muravyev NV; N. N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia. n.v.muravyev@ya.ru. |
| Jazyk: |
angličtina |
| Zdroj: |
Physical chemistry chemical physics : PCCP [Phys Chem Chem Phys] 2022 Apr 13; Vol. 24 (15), pp. 8890-8900. Date of Electronic Publication: 2022 Apr 13. |
| DOI: |
10.1039/d2cp00832g |
| Abstrakt: |
The initiation of energetic materials by mechanical stimuli is a critical stage of their functioning, but remains poorly understood. Using atomic force microscopy (AFM) we explore the microscopic initiation behavior of four prototypical energetic materials: 3,4-dinitropyrazole, ε-CL-20, α-PETN and picric acid. Along with the various chemical structures, these energetic compounds cover a range of application types: a promising melt-cast explosive, the most powerful energetic compound in use, a widespread primary explosive, and a well-established nitroaromatic explosive from the early development of energetics. For the softest materials (picric acid and 3,4-dinitropyrazole), the surfaces were found to behave dynamically, quickly rearranging in response to mechanical deformation. The pit created by nanoscale friction stimulation on the surface of 3,4-dinitropyrazole doubled in volume upon aging for half an hour. Over the same time frame, a similar pit on the picric acid surface increased in volume by more than seven-fold. Remarkably, increased humidity was found to reduce the rate of surface rearrangement, potentially offering an origin for the desensitization of energetic materials when wetted. Finally, we identify an inverse correlation between the surface dynamics and mechanical sensitivity of our test energetic compounds. This strongly suggests that surface dynamics influence a material's ability to dissipate excess energy, acting as a buffer towards mechanical initiation. |
| Databáze: |
MEDLINE |
| Externí odkaz: |
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