Development of Entrustable Professional Activities for Specialist Hospice and Palliative Care Pharmacists.

Autor:	Lockman K; University of Iowa College of Pharmacy (K.L.), Iowa City, Iowa, USA; University of Pittsburgh School of Pharmacy (M.F.L.), Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA; West Palm Beach (WPB) Veterans Affairs Medical Center (S.D.), West Palm Beach, Florida, USA; Optum Hospice Pharmacy Services (A.G.L.), Westerville, Ohio, USA; Department of Pharmacy (T.J.U.), Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (B.S.K.), Boston, Massachusetts, USA; University of Iowa College of Pharmacy (M.S.), Iowa City, Iowa, USA; Cleveland Clinic Fairview Hospital (A.M.W.), Cleveland, Ohio, USA; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (B.S.), Boston, Massachusetts, USA; School of Pharmacy (C.M.H.), Southern Illinois University Edwardsville, Edwardsville, Illinois, USA; San Diego Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences (R.S.A.), University of California, San Diego, California, USA; San Diego Health, Palliative Care Program (R.S.A.), University of California, San Diego, California, USA. Electronic address: kashelle-lockman@uiowa.edu., Lowry MF; University of Iowa College of Pharmacy (K.L.), Iowa City, Iowa, USA; University of Pittsburgh School of Pharmacy (M.F.L.), Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA; West Palm Beach (WPB) Veterans Affairs Medical Center (S.D.), West Palm Beach, Florida, USA; Optum Hospice Pharmacy Services (A.G.L.), Westerville, Ohio, USA; Department of Pharmacy (T.J.U.), Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (B.S.K.), Boston, Massachusetts, USA; University of Iowa College of Pharmacy (M.S.), Iowa City, Iowa, USA; Cleveland Clinic Fairview Hospital (A.M.W.), Cleveland, Ohio, USA; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (B.S.), Boston, Massachusetts, USA; School of Pharmacy (C.M.H.), Southern Illinois University Edwardsville, Edwardsville, Illinois, USA; San Diego Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences (R.S.A.), University of California, San Diego, California, USA; San Diego Health, Palliative Care Program (R.S.A.), University of California, San Diego, California, USA., DiScala S; University of Iowa College of Pharmacy (K.L.), Iowa City, Iowa, USA; University of Pittsburgh School of Pharmacy (M.F.L.), Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA; West Palm Beach (WPB) Veterans Affairs Medical Center (S.D.), West Palm Beach, Florida, USA; Optum Hospice Pharmacy Services (A.G.L.), Westerville, Ohio, USA; Department of Pharmacy (T.J.U.), Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (B.S.K.), Boston, Massachusetts, USA; University of Iowa College of Pharmacy (M.S.), Iowa City, Iowa, USA; Cleveland Clinic Fairview Hospital (A.M.W.), Cleveland, Ohio, USA; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (B.S.), Boston, Massachusetts, USA; School of Pharmacy (C.M.H.), Southern Illinois University Edwardsville, Edwardsville, Illinois, USA; San Diego Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences (R.S.A.), University of California, San Diego, California, USA; San Diego Health, Palliative Care Program (R.S.A.), University of California, San Diego, California, USA., Lovell AG; University of Iowa College of Pharmacy (K.L.), Iowa City, Iowa, USA; University of Pittsburgh School of Pharmacy (M.F.L.), Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA; West Palm Beach (WPB) Veterans Affairs Medical Center (S.D.), West Palm Beach, Florida, USA; Optum Hospice Pharmacy Services (A.G.L.), Westerville, Ohio, USA; Department of Pharmacy (T.J.U.), Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (B.S.K.), Boston, Massachusetts, USA; University of Iowa College of Pharmacy (M.S.), Iowa City, Iowa, USA; Cleveland Clinic Fairview Hospital (A.M.W.), Cleveland, Ohio, USA; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (B.S.), Boston, Massachusetts, USA; School of Pharmacy (C.M.H.), Southern Illinois University Edwardsville, Edwardsville, Illinois, USA; San Diego Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences (R.S.A.), University of California, San Diego, California, USA; San Diego Health, Palliative Care Program (R.S.A.), University of California, San Diego, California, USA., Uritsky TJ; University of Iowa College of Pharmacy (K.L.), Iowa City, Iowa, USA; University of Pittsburgh School of Pharmacy (M.F.L.), Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA; West Palm Beach (WPB) Veterans Affairs Medical Center (S.D.), West Palm Beach, Florida, USA; Optum Hospice Pharmacy Services (A.G.L.), Westerville, Ohio, USA; Department of Pharmacy (T.J.U.), Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (B.S.K.), Boston, Massachusetts, USA; University of Iowa College of Pharmacy (M.S.), Iowa City, Iowa, USA; Cleveland Clinic Fairview Hospital (A.M.W.), Cleveland, Ohio, USA; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (B.S.), Boston, Massachusetts, USA; School of Pharmacy (C.M.H.), Southern Illinois University Edwardsville, Edwardsville, Illinois, USA; San Diego Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences (R.S.A.), University of California, San Diego, California, USA; San Diego Health, Palliative Care Program (R.S.A.), University of California, San Diego, California, USA., Kematick BS; University of Iowa College of Pharmacy (K.L.), Iowa City, Iowa, USA; University of Pittsburgh School of Pharmacy (M.F.L.), Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA; West Palm Beach (WPB) Veterans Affairs Medical Center (S.D.), West Palm Beach, Florida, USA; Optum Hospice Pharmacy Services (A.G.L.), Westerville, Ohio, USA; Department of Pharmacy (T.J.U.), Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (B.S.K.), Boston, Massachusetts, USA; University of Iowa College of Pharmacy (M.S.), Iowa City, Iowa, USA; Cleveland Clinic Fairview Hospital (A.M.W.), Cleveland, Ohio, USA; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (B.S.), Boston, Massachusetts, USA; School of Pharmacy (C.M.H.), Southern Illinois University Edwardsville, Edwardsville, Illinois, USA; San Diego Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences (R.S.A.), University of California, San Diego, California, USA; San Diego Health, Palliative Care Program (R.S.A.), University of California, San Diego, California, USA., Schmidt M; University of Iowa College of Pharmacy (K.L.), Iowa City, Iowa, USA; University of Pittsburgh School of Pharmacy (M.F.L.), Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA; West Palm Beach (WPB) Veterans Affairs Medical Center (S.D.), West Palm Beach, Florida, USA; Optum Hospice Pharmacy Services (A.G.L.), Westerville, Ohio, USA; Department of Pharmacy (T.J.U.), Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (B.S.K.), Boston, Massachusetts, USA; University of Iowa College of Pharmacy (M.S.), Iowa City, Iowa, USA; Cleveland Clinic Fairview Hospital (A.M.W.), Cleveland, Ohio, USA; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (B.S.), Boston, Massachusetts, USA; School of Pharmacy (C.M.H.), Southern Illinois University Edwardsville, Edwardsville, Illinois, USA; San Diego Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences (R.S.A.), University of California, San Diego, California, USA; San Diego Health, Palliative Care Program (R.S.A.), University of California, San Diego, California, USA., Wetshtein AM; University of Iowa College of Pharmacy (K.L.), Iowa City, Iowa, USA; University of Pittsburgh School of Pharmacy (M.F.L.), Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA; West Palm Beach (WPB) Veterans Affairs Medical Center (S.D.), West Palm Beach, Florida, USA; Optum Hospice Pharmacy Services (A.G.L.), Westerville, Ohio, USA; Department of Pharmacy (T.J.U.), Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (B.S.K.), Boston, Massachusetts, USA; University of Iowa College of Pharmacy (M.S.), Iowa City, Iowa, USA; Cleveland Clinic Fairview Hospital (A.M.W.), Cleveland, Ohio, USA; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (B.S.), Boston, Massachusetts, USA; School of Pharmacy (C.M.H.), Southern Illinois University Edwardsville, Edwardsville, Illinois, USA; San Diego Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences (R.S.A.), University of California, San Diego, California, USA; San Diego Health, Palliative Care Program (R.S.A.), University of California, San Diego, California, USA., Scullion B; University of Iowa College of Pharmacy (K.L.), Iowa City, Iowa, USA; University of Pittsburgh School of Pharmacy (M.F.L.), Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA; West Palm Beach (WPB) Veterans Affairs Medical Center (S.D.), West Palm Beach, Florida, USA; Optum Hospice Pharmacy Services (A.G.L.), Westerville, Ohio, USA; Department of Pharmacy (T.J.U.), Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (B.S.K.), Boston, Massachusetts, USA; University of Iowa College of Pharmacy (M.S.), Iowa City, Iowa, USA; Cleveland Clinic Fairview Hospital (A.M.W.), Cleveland, Ohio, USA; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (B.S.), Boston, Massachusetts, USA; School of Pharmacy (C.M.H.), Southern Illinois University Edwardsville, Edwardsville, Illinois, USA; San Diego Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences (R.S.A.), University of California, San Diego, California, USA; San Diego Health, Palliative Care Program (R.S.A.), University of California, San Diego, California, USA., Herndon CM; University of Iowa College of Pharmacy (K.L.), Iowa City, Iowa, USA; University of Pittsburgh School of Pharmacy (M.F.L.), Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA; West Palm Beach (WPB) Veterans Affairs Medical Center (S.D.), West Palm Beach, Florida, USA; Optum Hospice Pharmacy Services (A.G.L.), Westerville, Ohio, USA; Department of Pharmacy (T.J.U.), Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (B.S.K.), Boston, Massachusetts, USA; University of Iowa College of Pharmacy (M.S.), Iowa City, Iowa, USA; Cleveland Clinic Fairview Hospital (A.M.W.), Cleveland, Ohio, USA; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (B.S.), Boston, Massachusetts, USA; School of Pharmacy (C.M.H.), Southern Illinois University Edwardsville, Edwardsville, Illinois, USA; San Diego Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences (R.S.A.), University of California, San Diego, California, USA; San Diego Health, Palliative Care Program (R.S.A.), University of California, San Diego, California, USA., Atayee RS; University of Iowa College of Pharmacy (K.L.), Iowa City, Iowa, USA; University of Pittsburgh School of Pharmacy (M.F.L.), Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA; West Palm Beach (WPB) Veterans Affairs Medical Center (S.D.), West Palm Beach, Florida, USA; Optum Hospice Pharmacy Services (A.G.L.), Westerville, Ohio, USA; Department of Pharmacy (T.J.U.), Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (B.S.K.), Boston, Massachusetts, USA; University of Iowa College of Pharmacy (M.S.), Iowa City, Iowa, USA; Cleveland Clinic Fairview Hospital (A.M.W.), Cleveland, Ohio, USA; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (B.S.), Boston, Massachusetts, USA; School of Pharmacy (C.M.H.), Southern Illinois University Edwardsville, Edwardsville, Illinois, USA; San Diego Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences (R.S.A.), University of California, San Diego, California, USA; San Diego Health, Palliative Care Program (R.S.A.), University of California, San Diego, California, USA.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	Journal of pain and symptom management [J Pain Symptom Manage] 2022 Jul; Vol. 64 (1), pp. 37-48. Date of Electronic Publication: 2022 Mar 16.
DOI:	10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2022.03.004
Abstrakt:	Context: Entrustable professional activities (EPAs) translate competencies into explicit, practical terms that clearly state the expected roles and responsibilities of clinicians who have achieved proficiency and expertise in a field. EPAs are defined for Hospice and Palliative Medicine physicians but not for other members of Hospice and Palliative Care (HAPC) interprofessional teams, including pharmacists. Objectives: The objective of this study was to develop EPAs for HAPC pharmacists. Methods: An 11-member workgroup of HAPC pharmacists was convened to develop candidate EPAs using nominal group and modified-Delphi methods. Content validity index was used as a measure of consensus, defined a priori at ≥ 60%. Vetting occurred via intra- and interprofessional stakeholder reactor groups and a national survey of HAPC pharmacists. Results: Following an iterative process of workgroup and stakeholder consensus-building, 15 HAPC pharmacist EPAs were developed. Among the workgroup, all 15 EPAs reached ≥ 70% consensus, indicating appropriate internal validity. In a national survey of 185 HAPC pharmacists with a 20% response rate, 13 EPAs were rated by most respondents as "essential" and 2 were rated by most respondents as "important but not essential." Respondents indicated the 15 EPA set represented the core professional activities of HAPC pharmacists well (median rating of 5 on a Likert-like scale, IQR 1). Conclusion: Fifteen consensus EPAs describe essential activities of HAPC pharmacists in direct patient care, leadership, education, and scholarship. These EPAs will further guide pharmacist training programs, HAPC services seeking to incorporate a specialized pharmacist on the team, and currently practicing HAPC pharmacists. (Copyright © 2022 American Academy of Hospice and Palliative Medicine. All rights reserved.)
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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