Control of Synapse Structure and Function by Actin and Its Regulators.

Autor: Gentile JE; Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA., Carrizales MG; Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA., Koleske AJ; Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.; Department of Neuroscience, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Cells [Cells] 2022 Feb 09; Vol. 11 (4). Date of Electronic Publication: 2022 Feb 09.
DOI: 10.3390/cells11040603
Abstrakt: Neurons transmit and receive information at specialized junctions called synapses. Excitatory synapses form at the junction between a presynaptic axon terminal and a postsynaptic dendritic spine. Supporting the shape and function of these junctions is a complex network of actin filaments and its regulators. Advances in microscopic techniques have enabled studies of the organization of actin at synapses and its dynamic regulation. In addition to highlighting recent advances in the field, we will provide a brief historical perspective of the understanding of synaptic actin at the synapse. We will also highlight key neuronal functions regulated by actin, including organization of proteins in the pre- and post- synaptic compartments and endocytosis of ion channels. We review the evidence that synapses contain distinct actin pools that differ in their localization and dynamic behaviors and discuss key functions for these actin pools. Finally, whole exome sequencing of humans with neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders has identified synaptic actin regulators as key disease risk genes. We briefly summarize how genetic variants in these genes impact neurotransmission via their impact on synaptic actin.
Databáze: MEDLINE
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